150 FOREST TREES OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE. 



adapt them admirably for wide distribution by the wind, contain glands with 

 clear red, pungently odorous resin. Seed leaves, 2 ; sharp-pointed, and about 

 1J inches long and almost one-eighth of an inch wide. Wood, fine and very 

 straight grained, pale or dull yellow brown, sometimes tinged with red. It is 

 soft, light (about the weight of white pine), and very durable under all kinds of 

 exposure. Its durability renders it extremely valuable for use in the water or 

 in the ground. Large trunks, and to a much less degree small or medium sized 

 ones also, are often riddled as if by the galleries of an insect. These injuries are 

 supposed to result from the attacks of several little-known fungi. They do not 

 impair the durability of the wood, however, and trunks not excessively perfo- 

 rated are frequently used for telephone poles, especially within the range of 

 the tree, where it is the only lasting wood obtainable. 



Longevity. — Much is yet to be learned concerning the age limits of this tree. 

 So far as is now known it is a long-lived tree, but records of very large trunks 

 have not been made. Trees from 24 to 36 inches in diameter are from 360 to 

 546 years old. Larger trees would probably be from 650 to 700 years old or even 

 older. 



RANGE. 



Mountains of southern Oregon, Sierras and coast ranges of California, western edge 

 of Nevada, and northern Lower California. 



Oregon. — Both sides of Cascades, Cmpqua-Rogue River Divide, Siskiyous, possibly 

 also in coast ranges, and eastward over ranges of Upper Klamath Basin to west slope 

 of mountains east of Goose Lake ; on west side of Cascades, generally at 2,500 to 

 5,000 feet, and on east side, at 5,000 to 6,600 feet. Northern occurrence interrupted, 

 its limit on west side of Cascades being at head of Breitenbush River (T. 9 S., R. 7 E.), 

 and on east side, the foothills southeast of Mount Hood near Gate Creek (T. 4 and 5 S., 

 R. 10 and 11 E., lat. 45° 15'). Noted near Fort Klamath, sparingly thence northward 

 toward Crater Lake, here common at about 4,600 feet ; on Warm Springs Indian Reser- 

 vation and about 5 miles west of Wapinitia and westward to near Camas Prairie. 



California. — Throughout northern part from west border of fog belt eastward to 

 Warner Mountains and southward, nearly continuously, to Lassen Peak and Delta 

 (Sacramento River) ; not present in upper Pitt River Basin, Shasta Valley, Scott and 

 Hoopa river valleys, nor summits of Salmon and Trinity mountains. Modoc County: 

 Common in Warner Mountains east of Goose Lake, and less plentiful west of Goose 

 Lake ; western Modoc County, on Turret Mountain, descending northwestward to near 

 Happy Camp; Glass and Big Valley mountains (west of Big Valley in extreme south- 

 west corner of county). Siskiyou County: Goosenest Mountain (north of Mount 

 Shasta) ; north of Shasta Valley in Shovel Creek Mountains and near Beswick (or 

 Klamath Hot Springs) ; also in mountains a few miles west of Hornbrook, ranging thence 

 northward over Siskiyous, and westward and southwestward over Scott Mountains, 

 from north part of which it descends east slope to within 5 miles of Yreka ; throughout 

 Mount Shasta up to 5,500 feet, and westward across Sisson Valley to Mount Eddy and 

 Scott Mountains and southward into Shasta County : west of Scott Valley in Mill Creek 

 Gulch on road from Etna Mills to Marble Mountain Divide ; west side of Marble Moun- 

 tain Divide in Russian Creek Basin ; east slope of Salmon Summit up to about 4,000 

 feet, and sparingly in basin between Salmon and Trinity summits on hot slopes up to 

 5,500 feet. Humboldt County: Common on west slope of Trinity Summit ridge east 

 of Hoopa Valley between 4,000 and 5,000 feet ; west of Hoopa Valley, scattered In 

 Supply Creek Canyon, west of which it has not been found and probably does not occur ; 

 farther south occurs along east edge of coast forest between Bridgeville and the Little 

 Van Dusen. Mendocino County: Common on west slope of high ridge east of Round 

 Valley about 20 miles east of Covelo, at 3,600 to 6,000 feet, and sparingly about 

 Laytonville. Trinity County: From Weaverville southward nearly to Trinity River, 

 and in Hayfork Mountains south of Trinity ; southeast of Hayfork Post-Office on both 

 sides of boundary between Trinity and Shasta counties ; Canyon Creek from near 

 Dedrick northward about 10 miles to near Alpine lakes ; from Junction southward to 

 Hayfork and to Post creeks and South Fork of Trinity River ; South Fork Mountain 

 and westward into Upper Mad River Valley (near and a little below Anada Post-Office) ; 

 also on Upper Van Dusen River. Glenn and Lake counties: Throughout Stony Creek 

 National Forest at 3,500 to 5,000 feet — sometimes down to 2,000 feet ; noted on Cobb 

 Mountain and Mount St. Helena, ranging thence to edge of Middletown Valley (alt. 

 about 1,200 feet — southern limit in north coast ranges). Shasta County: Eastward 



