FOREST TREES OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE. 157 



sea slopes ; Salmon River, inland 45 miles from head of Dean Inlet, at 2,400 feet, and 

 also on east slope of Coast Range in lower Iltasyouco Valley (tributary Salmon River) ; 

 on Ilomathco River inland 63 miles to 2,720 feet elevation; lower Fraser River Valley 

 inland to Uztlihoos River (branch Anderson River), 6 miles east of Boston Bar; also on 

 Coquihalla River at point south of summit between this stream and Coldwater River; 

 farther south, sparingly on Skaist River (east branch of Skagit), and on the Similka- 

 meen at point about 13 miles below Vermilion Forks. Valleys of Cold Range westward 

 to within 8 miles of head of Okanogan Lake, northeastern part of Shuswap Lake, down 

 north branch of Thompson River Valley to point about 20 miles below Clearwater River; 

 northward to Quesnelle River, Fort George (on upper Fraser). and to headwaters of 

 Parsnip River. Not in Columbia-Kootenai Valley, but in valleys of Selkirk Mountains 

 and on west slopes of Rockies; eastern limit, Kicking Horse Lake, at 6,000 feet. 



Washington. — Throughout western part from sea level to about 4,000 feet in Olympic 

 coast ranges, and west slope of Cascades; and more rarely, on east slope Cascades and 

 northern ranges eastward to Idaho at elevations from about 1,500 to 4,500 feet. Abun- 

 dant on Pacific coast and on east coast of Puget Sound, but rare in valley south of 

 Sound, and on west coast of Puget Sound, except at northeastern corner of Olympic 

 Peninsula. Washington National Forest, on west slope of Cascades sea level to 4,500 

 feet; east slope, at 1,000 to 4,700 feet, and only on Stehekin River, Bridge and Early 

 Winter creeks, Twisp, Methow, Entiat, Wenache, and Yakima rivers. Locally noted as fol- 

 lows : Mountain View (Whatcom County) one-eighth mile from Puget Sound; Orient, at 

 1,188 feet (Sauk River) ; Skagit Pass, Big Lake (Skagit County) : Cascade ('reck at point 

 11 miles above Mount Marble; North Fork of Skagit River; Stilaguamish River, below 

 Silverton ; South Fork, below Robe ; Monte Cristo, at 2,70.'! feet ; Buck Creek, near 

 Mineral Park; Eagle Gorge (King County) ; vicinity of Seattle; about Lake Chelan and 

 Stehekin (head of Lake Chelan), at 1,108 feet; Peshastin, at 1,045 feet; Wenache River. 

 Mount Rainier National Forest, up to 5,100 feet ; on cast side of range, only on two small 

 head streams of Natches River, and on one of Klickitat River. Locally noted at Orting 

 in Nisqually Valley, on Mount Adams, and in Falcon Valley (south of Mount Adams) ; 

 Port Ludlow, at 1,800 feet ; Soleduc River above Wineton, at 900 feet ; Hot Springs. 

 Both sides of Coast Range, but more abundant on west side. Locally noted in Queniult 

 Indian Reservation, at Olympia, Black Walnut, and Lima (Chehalis County), Dryad 

 (Lewis County). Mountains of eastern Washington southward to Kamiak Butte (9 

 miles north of Pullman). Locally noted in Washington addition to Priest River Na- 

 tional Forest ; Pierre division of Colville National Forest ; about Colville (Stevens 

 County), at 1,017 feet. Not in Blue Mountains. 



Oregon. — Both sides of Coast Range, but mainly on west side of Cascades; not in 

 Willamette River Valley. Coast Range, sea level to 3,500 feet, and southward into 

 California. West side of Cascades at 1,600 to 5,000 feet, southward to head of North 

 Fork of Umpqua River; and Crater Lake; east side, only on east and south slopes of 

 Mount Hood and for a few miles south to latitude 45°. Locally noted on north side of 

 Mount Hood from bridge across Hood River (1,700 feet) to Columbia River, and on 

 south and southwest sides from Camas Prairie and Government camp west to Salmon 

 post otliee ; Portland ; Astoria; on North Fork of Middle Fork of Willamette River; Crater 

 Lake to summit of rim, at 7,500 feet. 



California. — Sea side of coast ranges southward to Mendocino County; inland through 

 fog belt, on south slopes of Siskiyous to northwest corner of Klamath National Forest; 

 on Klamath River for 20 miles, and on Eel River to Dyerville. Locally noted on outer 

 peninsula at Humboldt Bay; lower Mad River 17 miles north of Eureka; south of Fern- 

 dale on road to Bear Valley (Humboldt County), Crescent City. 



The detailed range of western red cedar in Idaho and Montana will be de- 

 scribed in a later bulletin. 



OCCURRENCE. 



Confined to region of abundant precipitation and humidity, chiefly to wet or constantly 

 moist situations. Occasionally on moderately dry slopes and warm exposures, where, 

 however, it is stunted. On moist flats, benches, gentle slopes, river bottoms, in and about 

 swamps and wet, springy places, and in cool, moist gulches and ravines. Abundant 

 moisture more important than quantity or quality of soil, which, however, are important 

 for best growth. Of gigantic size on deep, rich, moist bottoms in vicinity of the coast, 

 particularly in Washington, on Vancouver Island, and in British Columbia, while at high 

 elevations it is shrubby. 



Not in pure stands over extensive areas; usually in mixture and dominant or subor- 

 dinate. Small pure patches and groups, too dense for intolerant rivals, are characteris 

 tic. Generally with redwood, Sitka spruce, western hemlock, Douglas fir, lowland fir, 

 western white pine, western larch, lodgepole . pine, Engelmann spruce, yew, vine and 



15188—08 11 



