178 FOREST TREES OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE. 



67° 10'. long. 154° 30'), Klondike River near Dawson at about 1,500 feet (Yukon), 

 Lewes River below Lake Lebarge at base Semenow Hills (Yukon), Kenai Peninsula 

 (west of Prince William Sound), White Pass at summit (2,880 feet), Lake Lindeman 

 just inland from White- Pass (Yukon), shores Lynn Canal, from sea level to timberline 

 3,330 feet, Chilkat River at Vanderbilt Point and elsewhere, Sitka. 



British Columbia. — Rocky Mountains of eastern British Columbia and through inte- 

 rior and coast ranges north to Alaska. Noted near west coast on Vancouver Island on 

 summits of Mounts Benson (3,300 feet), Mark (3,000 feet), and Arrowsmith (5,900 

 feet), and at Spence's Bridge (77G feet) on Thompson River just above its junction with 

 Fraser River. 



Washington. — Mountain summits of whole State at 2,900 to 6,800 feet. Noted on 

 northern Cascades (but not on Mount Stuart), Stevens Pass (4,050 feet at crossing of 

 Great Northern Railroad), Olympic Mountains, Mount Rainier National Forest above 

 5,500 feet. Mount Rainier on Nisqually River near Longmire Springs and up to 7,500 

 feet, Mount Adams, Mount St. Helens, Loomis (1,200 feet, Okanogan County), but on 

 Blue Mountains. 



Oregon. — Summits of Cascades ; not in Blue Mountains. Noted on Mount Hood on 

 north side at about 6,500 feet and on Mount Mazama. 



California. — South in Sierra Nevadas to Tuolumne County, in coast ranges to Trinity 

 County. Noted in Pel Norte County, on Mount Shasta, encircling the peak near timber- 

 line at 8,300 to 9.800 feet, above alpine lakes at head of Canyon Creek (Trinity County), 

 west side Mokelumne Pass (Alpine County), and Mono Pass (Tuolumne County). 



OCCURRENCE. 



On dry knolls, sandy flats, rocky slopes and ridges, interspersed among spruce and 

 aspen, and enduring same climatic conditions. 



Tolerance. — Very tolerant. 



Reproduction. — Fairly abundant seeder. Little known of seeding habits and repro- 

 duction in wild state. 



Rocky Mountain Red Cedar. 



Juniperus scopulorum Sargent 



DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS. 



Rocky Mountain red cedar was long supposed to he a western form of the well- 

 known "red cedar" {-J. virginiana) of northeastern United States. It differs 

 from this tree in maturing its " berries " in two seasons instead of in one sea- 

 son. The two trees are similar in general appearance, and the heartwood of 

 both is of a similar dull red color; but so far as now known, the western tree 

 has a distinctly more western range. 



In open situations it is somewhat" bushy, from 15 to 20 feet high, with a short 

 trunk, from 6 to 10 inches through, and a rather narrow, rounded crown of large, 

 long limbs, which trend upward ; often Lhere are several stems together. In 

 sheltered canyons, on the other hand, it has a single, straight trunk from 25 to 

 30 or more feet high and from 12 to IS inches through, with a slender, branched 

 crown, and the ends of the branches and twigs are often so decidedly drooping 

 or even pendent that in some sections the tree is known as a " weeping juniper." 

 The somewhat stringy bark, shallowly cut into a network of narrow seams and 

 ridges, is red brown in color or. on the outside, grayish. Much more is to be 

 learned regarding the characteristics of this really little known tree. 



The minute scale-like, pointed, often long-pointed, leaves (fig. 69) cover the 

 slender 4-sided twigs in 4 rows of alternately opposite pairs ; the back of each 

 leaf usually has a long, indistinct pit (gland). The foliage varies from a dark 

 green to a light green — the latter shade emphasized by a whitish bloom. Mature 

 berries (figs. 69, 70) are smooth, are clear blue in color (from a whitish bloom 

 which covers the thin blackish skin), and usually contain 2 seeds (sometimes 1) 

 in a sweet, resinous pulp. Seeds (fig. 69, a) are pointed at the top end. 



