FOREST TREES OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE. 185 



California, it extends east of Sierras into Nevada. In Plumas and Sierra counties, and 

 generally in eastern Callfornlao and trans Sierran regions, it occurs at 5,000 and 8,800 

 feel throughout main and secondary ranges north of Sierra Valley ; also in a narrow 

 fringe at lowest levels east and south of this valley, as well as throughout Truckee River 

 basin, except region around lakes Tahoe, Independence, Webber, and Donner ; reaches 

 western limits on summits of Grizzly Mountains, mountains west of Summit City, and 

 canyon of South Fork of Tuba River. Locally noted in northeastern Shasta County, 

 about Dana, head of Pall River, Bald Mountain (south of Fall River) ; northeast Lassen 

 County western edge (5 miles west of Bieber) and eastern third of Big Valley and 

 northward to Adin ; about Susanville (southern Lassen County), at 4,500 feet, and east 

 of Long Valley (south of Honey Lake) ; borders of Sierra Valley (Pliimaa and Sierra 

 counties), at 3,000 feet; Feather River at Otis Ranch; from Sierraville to Loyalton ; 

 Rubicoo River, 1 mile above Rubicon Springs; Canyon South Fork American River, 1 

 mile above Strawberry. Southward in Stanislaus National Forest, confined to summits 

 of Sierras, at 7,000 to 8,500 feet. Here locally noted as follows : Donner Peak, at 7,000 

 to x..'500 feet (Placer County) ; Little Truckee — south of Lake Tahoe, Glen Alpine Can- 

 yon, and Loon Lake (Eldorado County) ; Twin Lakes (1J miles west of Woods Ranch), at 

 9,000 feet ; Hope Valley ; Upper West Carson River Canyon ; upper Silver Creek to Moke- 

 lumne Pass, and upper Mokelumne River (Alpine County) ; head of North Fork of 

 Mokelumne River and Hermit Valley (on latter stream) ; west side of Sonora Pass, at 

 S.000 feet, and westward to Eureka Valley, at 6,000 feet ; Tuolumne Meadows, Mount 

 Lyell, Lyell Canyon, Unicorn Peak, Lambert Dome, Tenaya Nunitak, Tenaya Canyon, 

 Grand Canyon of Tuolumne River, slope west of Lake Tenaya. Overhang Rock (between 

 Tenaya and Snow Flat), and Cathedral Peak (Tuolumne County) ;. Yosemite National 

 Park, at head of Nevada Fall, at 6,000 feet, thence on trail from Little Yosemite to 

 Cathedral Lakes, at 6,300 to 6,400 feet ; 4 miles north of Dardanelles ; Pacific Valley ; 

 Mokelumne Peak; Lily Creek (branch Middle Fork of Stanislaus River) ; Mount Reba, 

 at 8,000 to 10,000 feet. On east slope of Sierras, common above Jeffrey pine at high 

 elevations; noted in West Walker Canyon (Mono County) between Antelope Valley and 

 Bridgeport; east side Bridgeport Valley; canyon southeast of Bridgeport Meadows, and 

 thence southward to Mono Lake, hills about Long Valley, Sonora Pass, and down to 

 8,200 feet; Mono Pass in Bloody Canyon, Rock Creek (tributary Owens River). Abundant 

 on ridges and summits in Sierra National Forest at 6,000 to over 10,000 feet elevation. 

 Locally noted on headwaters of South Fork of San Joaquin River and its tributaries. 

 Mono and Bear creeks; Kings River Basin on its North, Middle, and South forks, at 

 9,500 to 10,600 feet; Woodchuck Creek (tributary North Fork), Horse Corral Meadows 

 (head of Kings River), Bubbs Creek (tributary South Fork) ; Kaweah River watershed, 

 head of its East Fork, at 9,000 to 10,200 feet from Mineral King to Farewell Cap ; 

 Granite Mountain (head of East Fork), at 10,600 feet; head of Deer Creek (tributary 

 Middle Fork); Kern River watershed. Whitney Creek at "Tunnel," headwaters of South 

 Fork, Little Kern River (below Farewell Gap), and thence to North Fork; also near 

 mouths of east and west forks. Abundant on Rock Creek (tributary Owens River i. 

 Reported on Panamint Mountains (east of Sierras) on north slope of Telescope Peak, at 

 9,300 feet, far above ./. utahenais, upper limit of which is 8,400 feet. San Bernardino 

 Mountains, higher parts up to 9,500 feet; locally noted on Mount San Antonio at about 

 10,000 feet, and in Bear Valley, at 6,700 feet; on north side of Holcomb Valley, at 

 6,700 feet, and near divide between Holcomb Creek and Mohave Desert, at 7,000 feet. 



Extreme southern range not determined; possibly extends through San Jacinto 

 Mountains and southward to Mount San Pedro Martir, northern Lower California, where 

 it has been reported at 5,000 to 7,000 feet elevation. 



The distribution of this tree in the northern Rocky Mountains will be given 

 in a future publication. 



OCCURRENCE. 



Exposed high mountain slopes and canyon sides, in dry gravelly and rocky soils, some- 

 times in crevices of rock. In very open, but practically pure stands, or scattered among 

 Jeffrey and lodgepole pines. 



Climatic Conditions. — Similar to those of Jeffrey pine. 



Tolerance. — Imperfectly known. Appears to be decidedly intolerant of shade in all 

 stages of growth; always grows in full light. 



Reproduction. — Very abundant seeder, but seedlings are only occasional and scattered 

 in pure mineral soil. 



