300 FOEEST TKEES OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE. 



hedrin, and Bald mountains, but a tree in west side canyons. Rare in San Francisco 

 Bay region, and of small size on higher mountains, such as Monte Diablo, Mount Tamal- 

 pais, and in Coast Range canyons. South of Monterey, in Santa Lucia Mountains of 

 Monterey National Forest, one of commonest trees at 1.500 to 5.000 feet elevation, in 

 Sur, Carmelo, Arroyo Seco, San Antonio, and Nacimiento river watersheds. Farther 

 south, in San Luis Obispo National Forest, an unimportant tree, in Arroyo Grande water- 

 shed, at 1,250 to 3,500 feet. Very common in Santa Barbara, San Gabriel, San Bernar- 

 dino, and San Jacinto National forests, often associated with Pseudotsuga macrocarpa up 

 to about 6,000 feet. In Santa Barbara National Forest, on watersheds of Santa Maria, 

 Santa Ynez, Santa Barbara, Matilija, Piru-Sespe. and Newhall rivers, at elevations of 

 1,000 to 6.700 feet. Abundant in all canyons of San Gabriel National Forest, above 

 2,500 feet, as it is also in San Bernardino National Forest, occurring here on Santa Ana 

 River (a mile below Seven Oaksi at 5.000 feet, and farther upstream, at 5,200 feet. 

 Frequent in San Jacinto National Forest, throughout mountains, up to 6.000 feet, but as 

 a shrub, at head of Strawberry Valley, and on Tahquitz Ridge, at 7,000 feet elevation. 

 Abundant also in Santa Ana range (Orange County), near coast, where it grows in can- 

 yons, and as a shrub on summits ; while farther south it is a frequent tree in seaward 

 basins of San Diego County, such as of Palomar, Balkan, and Cuyamaca mountains. 

 Reported on Providence Mountains (eastern San Bernardino County) near the Colorado 

 River. 



Lower California. — Commonest oak on Mount San Pedro Martir, above 4,000 feet 

 elevation, and as a small tree above 6,000 feet on both sides of Hanson Laguna range 

 (to north). 



The detailed range of this oak east of the Pacific region will be described in 

 a later publication. 



Quercus chrysolepis pahneri on foothills and plateaus near southern boundary of 

 California, forming large thickets. Noted locally in this region at point 80 miles east 

 of San Diego, at Larkens Station, and at Las Juantas. In Lower California, from north 

 boundary southward a short distance. 



Quercus chrysolepis vaceini folia occupies higher range of Quercus chrysolepis, forming 

 extensive low thickets in Trinity Mountains and Sierras of California ; probably also in 

 other parts of the latter tree's range. 



OCCURRENCE. 



Commonly in narrow canyon bottoms and their steep slopes and in coves, sheltered 

 depressions, in dry sandy and gravelly soils ; or on exposed slopes, in broken rock and 

 crevices. Largest in richer humous soils of sheltered canyon bottoms. 



Sometimes in small pure clumps or patches, but usually in mixture with California 

 black and live oaks, highland live oak, bigcone spruce : occasionally with western yellow 

 pine and incense cedar. 



Climatic Conditions. — Similar to those of California black oak. 



Tolerance. — Kudures considerable heavy shade, especially in youth, but later seeks 

 top light, in dense stands producing tall, slender stems with narrow crowns, either in 

 partial or full light. Great tolerance is shown by open-grown trees in their heavy, deep, 

 leafy crowns. 



Reproduction. — Prolific seeder at irregular intervals, bu* reproduction scanty, appar- 

 ently as frequent in open as in sheltered sites, thick leaves preventing seedlings from 

 suffering in latter places. Silvical requirements not fully determined. 



Quercus toruentella Engelmann. 



DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS. 



No field name appears ever to have been applied to Quercus tomentella, a 

 little-known evergreen oak. It is from 30 to 40 feet high and from 12 to 18 

 indies in diameter. Somewhat larger trees are reported, and it is likely that 

 still larger trees once grew in the sheltered canyons of the coast islands, to 

 which it is confined. Nothing is known of its trunk and crown form. The trunk 

 bark is thin, with broad, closely attached scales, which are brown, tinged with 

 red. 



Mature leaves are thick, l( athery, deep green, smooth and shiny on their top 

 sides, and beneath coated with star-shaped and jointed hairs, as are the stems ; 



