FOREST TREES OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE. 321 



Economically a tree of the greatest importance in Pacific forests, both for 

 its valuable tanbark and for the promise it gives of furnishing good com- 

 mercial timber in a region particularly lacking in hardwoods. The present 

 extensive practice of destroying this oak for its bark alone, without utilizing 

 the wood, calls for prompt conservative action. 



Longevity. — Full records of age limits are lacking. Forest-grown trees from 

 14 to 18 inches in diameter are from SO to 128 years old ; trees from 20 to 60 

 inches in diameter are from 150 to 250 years old. It doubtless attains a 

 greater age. 



RANGE. 



Southwestern Oregon to Southern California. From coast ranges of southwestern Ore- 

 gon, northern Sierras of California, and coast ranges southward to Santa Ynez Moun- 

 tains (Santa Barbara County) ; generally at from sea level to 4,000 and 5,000 feet 

 elevation. 



Oregon. — From Umpqua River southward, probably only in coast mountains ; common 

 on streams from sea through Douglas iir forest. Locally noted at Gold Beach (mouth of 

 Rogue River). 



California. — Northern coast mountains ; on ridges and streams from near sea inland 

 to Trinity Mountains, here growing under Douglas fir at elevations up to 3,000 feet or 

 over ; on South Fork Mountain, up to about 5,000 feet, and eastward to a canyon near 

 Lewiston, where a single tree has been seen; also one in canyon (at 3,700 to 3,800 feet) 

 between French Gulch and Deadwood. Not on Upper South Fork of Trinity River and 

 not detected in eastern Siskiyou County nor in region between Scott Valley and Salmon 

 River, but west of latter it occurs on east slope of " Salmon Summit " ridge at 2,000 to 

 3,800 feet. Locally noted near Dyerville (Humboldt County) ; also in a broad belt on west 

 slope of Trinity Mountain above Iloopa Valley between 2,100 and 4,000 feet; and on 

 lower slopes bordering Iloopa Valley and from Iloopa Valley westward to between Red- 

 wood Creek and Blue Lake ; north of Humboldt Bay, in redwoods in lower Mad River val- 

 ley, but not in upper part of this valley ; lower Van Dusen River eastward to a point about 

 2 miles below Valley View Tavern, and westward, abundantly in redwoods, to Bridgeville 

 and Hydesville ; near Ferndale and in hills south of it, also about Briceland, upper Mat- 

 tole, and in Mattole gulch (South of King Mountain). Mendocino County: IOnters this 

 county from north and is common throughout most of redwood forest ; noted at Rockport 

 and frequently between Briceland (Humboldt County) and Kenny; south of Kenny, fre- 

 quent on coast in and on borders of redwoods, also among California swamp pine between 

 Fori Bragg and Gualala ; near mouth of Big River and about the Mendocino pine barrens; 

 road between Westport and Laytonville and in canyon east of Laytonville (road to Round 

 Valley) ; abundant in redwoods from pine barrens eastward en road from Mendocino to 

 Ukiah, also on cool north slope (south side) at head of Big River canyon ; north of 

 I'kiah, at Wlllits and in forest north and northwest of Willits ; upper part of Redwood 

 • 'anyon (northeast of Calpella). Sonoma County: Common throughout redwoods and 

 considerably east of their eastern border ; hill at Sea View (east of Fort Ross) and on 

 Austin Creek, thence southward to Russian River, on which it is common from Duncan 

 Mills to east edge of redwoods at Forestvillo ; very abundant south of Russian River from 

 Monte Rio to Camp Meeker and southern edge of redwoods near Freestone, thence east- 

 ward to Green Valley, where it goes to within about 3 miles of Sebastopol. Inland only 

 to Napa Mountains, here occurring on streams, in north part of Napa County from Mount 

 si. Helena southward; common in gulches of hills west of Calistoga, not far from which 

 it descends to mouth of small canyon ; mountains on east side of Napa Valley. Common 

 in southwest Lake County on east side of Cobb Mountain Kid-'', and also of Mount St. 

 Helena (1,500 on St. Helena Creek to over 3,000 feet) ; near Adams Springs it predom- 

 inates with Douglas fir. Marin County: Inverness Ridge (Point Reyes Peninsula) from 

 point 5 or miles south of Tomales Point southward to Olema ; east of Tomales Lay. on 

 Paper Mill and Lagunitas creeks and in San Geronimo Valley, thence southward to Mount 

 Tamalpais — here a tree in gulches and canyons, and shrub in chaparral of upper slopes; 

 TOry large near Rock Springs at west end of Tamalpais Ridge; south side of Tamalpais 

 in Redwood Canyon and at Mill Valley. Frequent south of San Francisco Lay on sea- 

 ward coast range and on Santa Cruz Mountains: west of King Pass on road from Palo 

 Alto to sea; common from Boulder Creek to Big Basin. Northern and Central Sierras 

 southward to Mariposa County in lower yellow pine growth and upper foothill forest ; in 

 Lassen Peak and I'lumas National Forests, at 2,000 to 3,000 feet. Butte County, near 

 Junction House (road from Bldwell Lai- to Qulncy), probably coming from Little North 

 Fork of Feather Liver, and to point a few miles below Lerry Creek (about 1,000 feet). 

 Yuba County: East slopes of Oregon Hills and lower part of North Fork Yuba River Can- 



