FOREST TREES OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE. 355 



smooth throughout aud smaller in most of the shrubby high mountain forms 

 with gray-brown stems, larger and finely hairy beneath on the larger darker- 

 barked trees which are usually grown in moist, rich places; 2 glandular, 

 minute projections mark the leaf-stem where it joins the blade. The leaves of 

 both forms agree in their distinctly minute, rounded, marginal teeth." 



Mature fruit (fig. 166), one-fourth to three-eighths of an inch in diameter, 

 clear coral red; ripe from about July to September, according to the locality 

 and elevation ; extremely bitter, as are the green twigs, leaves and inner bark ; 

 with a pointed stone, sharp-ridged on one side only and round or minutely 

 grooved on the opposite side. Wood, dull brown, with very thick sapwood, of 

 very light weight, and exceedingly brittle; it rots quickly in contact with the 

 earth. Large trees, which often occur abundantly, useful chiefly for firewood. 



The greatest value of this species is probably the dense chaparral cover 

 which it forms on dry, rocky and springy slopes at high elevations, where its 

 persistent stems, often bent low by heavy snows, form effective barriers to 

 rapid run-off. 



Longevity. — Not fully determined. Apparently short-lived. A tree 9g inches 

 in diameter showed an age of 42 years. 



RANGE. 



From Montana (upper Jocko River), through mountains of Idaho and Washington and 

 southern British Columbia (Vancouver Island) ; south through western Washington and 

 Oregon to southern California, western Nevada (vicinity of Carson City and Washoe 

 Mountains), and northern Arizona (San Francisco Mountains). In north at sea level to 

 3,000 feet and in south at 5,000 to 9,000 feet. 



British Columbia. — South coast Vancouver Island, and Rocky Mountains at source 

 of Columbia. Noted at Victoria (Vancouver Island), at Yale on Fraser River, and at Nel- 

 son on Columbia River between Kootenai and Lower Arrow lakes. 



WASHINGTON. — Whole wooded portion of State east of Cascades, in yellow pine and 

 bunch grass regions, at 1,600 to 4,200 feet and west of Cascades in Douglas fir region up 

 to 3,800 feet. Noted in Washington National Forest at 49° latitude and farther south 

 on west side of Cascades on lower slopes and on east side at 1,100 to 3.500 feet, in Clallam 

 County on north side of Olympic Peninsula, at Montesano (Chehalis County, south of 

 Olympic Peninsula), on west side of Fuget Sound at Port Ludlow (Jefferson County), 

 Tacoma. and Admiralty Head (east of entrance to Admiralty Inlet), at Lilliwaup on Hood 

 (anal of Puget Sound, in Mount Rainier National Foresl on Upper Nisqually River, and 

 elsewhere; on Mount Adams, Klickitat River i Klickitat County i, canyons of Yakima 

 River, and I'mptanum Creek, and at Ellensburg (altitude 1,550 feet) (Kittitas County) ; 

 on Snake River east of Pasco (500 feet) (Franklin County). Wenaehe Mountains, 1'eshas- 

 tin (Chelan County i. White Bluff (on Columbia River, below Lake Chelan), Lake Chelan 

 (1,100 feet), Stehekin River, 3 miles above Lake Chelan ; Kettle Falls of Columbia (Stevens 

 County), Mount Carlton (Spokane County), and Blue Mountains on streams. 



OREGON. — Whole wooded portion of State at lower elevations. Noted at Astoria, in Cas- 

 cade (North) National Forest, on Columbia River in northeast Wasco, and Northern Sher- 

 man, Gilliam, and Morrow counties, and in Wallula (Jorge below mouth of Walla Walla 

 River at 327 feet; John Day River (Gilliam County), Blue Mountains at I'nion and else- 

 where. Silvies and Steins mountains (Harney County), and Goose Lake National Forest. 



"It is believed that the true status of this cherry has not yet been satisfactorily 

 determined. Further Held study is necessary to determine the exact relationship be- 

 tween the gray-barked, smooth, and smaller tree or shrub common on the western high 

 slopes of the Sierras and in Oregon and Washington, and the larger, dark-barked tree of 

 lower, moist situations. The two forms are strikingly unlike in habit and general 

 appearance, and the large downy leaves of the bigger tree are difficult to reconcile with 

 the smooth, brighter green leaves of the smaller one. I have not seen specimens from 

 the type locality (Columbia River Valley, where Douglas discovered this tree in 1825), 

 but most probably they are of the downy-leafed, larger tree form, so that the name 

 Prunua emarginata should include this common form. On the other hand, it is probable 

 that Prunua emarginata californica (Greene) (=>Cerasu8 calijornica Greene) should be 

 taken up for the smaller smooth form now included in the species. 



