BUTTERFLIP—CAPERCAILLIE. 39 
so that records of examples shot are always open to doubt. 
The name occurs in Willughby (1678). Jenyns calls it the 
Canada Swan. The name Canada Goose is also applied 
to the BARNACLE-GOOSE. 
CanaDA OwL: The AMERICAN HAWK-OWL. (Jenyns.) 
CaNnaDIAN Diver: The RED-THROATED DIVER. (Winter- 
plumage.) 
Canary. Originally so called from its having been brought 
from the Canary Isles. Wild examples of this universal cage- 
bird have occurred in our islands, but, as the species is 
non-migratory, such occurrences have been generally put 
down to escaped birds. 
CanporrLeE: The LONG-TAILED TITMOUSE. (Staffs. and 
Salop.) So called from the shape of the nest (see Bottle-tit). 
Can occurs in Shakespeare as a kind of cup. 
CaoureN. A Cornish name for an Owl. 
Cape Pigeon. A species of Petrel inhabiting the Southern 
Seas, which is said to have occurred in our islands. 
CAPERCAILLIE [No. 462]. The name accepted since the 
date of Yarrell’s first edition (1843) for a large species of 
Grouse, more often previously known by its English names 
of Wood Grouse, or Cock of the Wood, and formerly indi- 
genous to the northern parts of the British Islands, but 
finally extirpated in Scotland and Ireland during the 
eighteenth century, and re-introduced in the Highlands 
from Sweden in 1837. The Scots name is variously written 
Capercaillie, Capercaliy, Caperkally, Caperkellie, Caper- 
cailzie, Capercalze and Capercali, and its precise derivation 
seems very uncertain. Gesner (“ Hist. Anim.,” 1554, 
lib. mm, p. 159) has, “De capricalca, quam Scoti vulgo 
appellunt ane capricalze,” and immediately following he 
terms it Capercalze, which is the spelling used by Sibbald 
(1684). Yarrell states that the form Capercaillie adopted 
by him and given also by Fleming (1842) is derived from 
the Gaelic Capullcoille, lit. “‘ horse of the wood,” a dis- 
tinction intended to refer to size, it being pre-eminently 
large in comparison with others of the genus (a similar 
example being found in bullfinch). Rev. Dr. T. Maclauchlan, 
as cited by Professor Newton, thinks the derivation is from 
Gaelic Cabhar, an old man, but by metaphor an old bird, 
and coille, a wood—* the old bird of the wood.” Cabhar, 
however, may also mean a hawk, and is pronounced 
Cavar. Dr. Maclauchlan thinks it not unlikely, however, 
to be the origin of the word spelled “Caper.” A similar 
