BITTER—BLACKBIRD. 19 
provincial name for the species. Bittor and Bittoun are 
also cited as former variants by Nelson and Clarke. 
BLACK-AND-BLUE TirmousE: The BLUE TITMOUSE. (Rutty.) 
‘BLACK-AND-WHITE Avocet. Macgillivray’s name for the 
AVOCET. 
BLACK-AND-WHITE Dascnick: The SLAVONIAN GREBE. 
Occurs in Edwards as “ Black and White Dobchick.” 
BLACK-AND-WHITE Diver: The SMEW. 
BLACK-AND-WHITE FiicutER: The AVOCET. 
BLACK-AND-WHITE GuLL: The GREAT BLACK-BACKED 
GULL. (Yorkshire.) 
BLACK-AND-wHITe Wacrait: The PIED WAGTAIL. (York- 
shire.) 
BLACK-AND-WHITE WoopPEcKER: The GREAT SPOTTED 
WOODPECKER. (Norfolk.) 
BLAcK-BACKED Erprr. Macgillivray’s name for the KING 
KIDER. 
BLACK-BACKED Fatcon. The PEREGRINE FALCON. 
BLACK-BACKED GULL or BLAcK-BAcCK: The GREAT BLACK- 
BACKED GULL; Black-back is a common Yorkshire 
name. 
BuLacK-BACKED Hannock: The GREAT BLACK-BACKED 
GULL. (Bridlington.) 
BLACK-BELLIED Dipper. See DIPPER. 
BLACKBERRY-EATER: The STONECHAT. (Merrett.) 
BLACK-BILLED AuUK: The RAZORBILL (in winter). A name 
first given by Pennant (1766) to a supposed distinct species 
of Razorbill, which Latham united with the latter species, 
considering it to be the young. 
BLACK-BILLED CUCKOO [No. 217, The American Black- 
billed Cuckoo.}] An American species which has occurred 
once in the British Islands. 
Buack-BILLED Eeret. Macgillivray’s name for a supposed 
variety of the GREAT WHITE HERON (the East Lothian 
example, June 9th, 1840). 
BLACKBIRD. [No. 164.] From A.Sax. blac, blaee =black, and 
A.Sax. brid, a bird. It occurs in Dame Berners’ “ Boke of 
St. Albans’ ” (1486) as “black bride”; in Turner (1544) 
as “blak byrd” and “blak osel”’; in Merrett (1667) as 
“plack-bird”” and “black ousle”; in Willughby (1678) 
as the “Common Blackbird.” Bewick (lst ed.) calls it 
“Black Ouzel.” It is also called in literature the “ merle.”’ 
Strange to say, although one of the commonest of our birds, 
c2 
