GRASS—GREAT. 103 
northern islands of Scotland. But that this is largely 
an erroris proved by the evidence of Low, Bullock and other 
writers acquainted with those islands. The last isolated 
bird believed to have occurred in St. Kilda was killed about 
1840 (see Harvie-Brown and Buckley’s “‘ Vertebrate Fauna 
of Outer Hebrides’). Montagu, writing in 1802, says that 
“it is said to breed in the isle of St. Kilda.” In earlier 
times it appears to have been abundant in the North 
Atlantic islands, yet Willughby mentions that he only 
saw it in the collection cf the Royal Society, and in 
Tradescant’s Cabinet at Lambeth. Its last known resort as 
a breeding species was on a practically inaccessible 
island off the coast of Iceland, where it became extirpated 
in 1844. 
GREAT-BILLED ScoTEeR: The SURF-SCOTER. 
Great BLacK-AND-WuHITE Duck: The COMMON EIDER. 
(Edwards.) 
Great BLAcK-AND-WHITE GuLL: The GREAT BLACK- 
BACKED GULL. (Willughby.) 
Great Brack -AND- WHITE WoopPrECKER: The GREAT 
SPOTTED WOODPECKER. 
GREAT BLACK-BACKED GULL [No. 434]. So called from 
the slate-black of the mantle and its large size. Occurs in 
Willughby (1678) as Great Black-and-White Gull. Pen- 
nant (1766) has the same, but in the later editions calls it 
** Black-backed Gull,” as do also Lewin, Walcott, and others. 
The name GREAT BLACK-BACKED GULL occurs in 
Montagu (1802), and is used by most later writers. 
Great Brack Cormorant: The CORMORANT. 
Great Brack Duck: The VELVET-SCOTER. (Bewick.) 
GREAT BLACK-HEADED GULL [No. 429]. A Mediter- 
ranean species, so called from its large size and black head. 
Great Buack-HEeapED TomTit: The GREAT TITMOUSE. 
(Provincial.) 
Great Black Woodpecker. This fine species was added to the 
British List by Latham, Lewin, Montagu, Donovan and 
others, on the strength of the statement of Latham that he 
had been informed that it was sometimes met with in the 
south, and in particular Devonshire. The name is found 
in Albin (11, pl. 27), on the plate, the text-name being Black 
Woodpecker. 
Great Brut Hawk: The PEREGRINE FALCON. (North- 
west Fells, Yorkshire.) 
