102 VA TURE, [Fune 3, 1886 
giving a difference between the highest and lowest of 0°52, PRICES of FOOD GRAINS in INDIA 
or no less than 52 per cent. of the average price, which is RecKONED IN POUNDS FOR A RUPEE. ~ 
8 per cent. more than the corresponding difference in the 
pound prices. Although this illustration by no means 
exhausts the question of the difference between quantity 
prices and money prices, it suffices for the purpose of 
guarding against the erroneous supposition that results 
worked out in quantity prices are directly applicable to 
money prices. 
Having now found such remarkable evidence of regu- 
larly recurring periodical variations of the price of the 
staple food-grain at Bhavnagar, amounting on the average 
to more than 50 per cent. of the average money price, it 
seems desirable to inquire whether similar variations of 
price have taken place from year to year in other districts. 
For this purpose I have selected from the various volumes 
of the Bombay Gazetteer all those price lists which extend 
over periods of fifty years or more. These are for the 
districts of Ahmedabad, Kaira, Surat, Khandesh, Poona, 
Bijapur, Dharwar, Belgaum, and Kanara, and to these I 
have added Madras, for which station a long price list is 
given in the Report of the Indian Famine Commission. 
The best way of testing whether any considerable por- 
tion of the variations of price in these districts can be 
regarded as regularly recurrent in a period of eleven years, 
corresponding to that of the sunspots, is to calculate the 
average eleven-yearly variation by the method already 
applied to the Bhavnagar prices. These calculations have 
been made. The results are entered in Table II. The 
corresponding average sunspot variation is also given. 
YEARS OF SUN-SPO 
TABLE II. 
dalle 
4 | 4 & a ro r PA 
2 aN eh cell os 5 Siaeise | Elles 
a | BW ecg geile Cam) ae Ree a Al 
Ata Milo) Shs leas le) ewes |__| Fie.e! 
oo le Bh : aS!) ee || BiwAPU 
? 7 lawl ere 
1813 1783 1790 1825| r8cq 1823! 1824 1823) 1824} 1811! 1810 = 1823 to 1882 
¥ears.) to | to | to | to | to | to | to | to | to | to to | 
ie 1882 | 1882] 1879 1882 1882 | 1882| 1883] 1882 | 1877] 1875, | | 
if - | fee 
gore 91) 97} 99) Tol; 119, 124 113] 115] 95] 116] 84-q 
Be tor 95] Io1| 89 99| or) 91| 102| 102| 109) 72°1 
3+ | 120) 114) 115) r21/ 113 102] 111) 98] 112] 110] 584 
4. | Ifo) 120} 110) 123) 113] 127) 108) 112] 114] 123| 45:0 
5 - | 104 116) 119) 118) 108) 114! 117| 106) 115| 115| 32°0 
6 . | 126 122) 116] 126] 102) 80| 106] 120] 105] 89) 19°6 
Z- | 110 121) 95) 78) 75) 67| 78) 69] 103] 83) 974 
8. | 98 92! 75] 83] 81] 88] 106! 92| 93) 75] 12-2 
on 82, 73| 76] 83] 89) 101] 92; 120 93] 77 33°2 | 
TOM: 73, 78) 87) 75| 81] 111] 103! 115] 88] 87) 64:0 
Teg 89 84 105 104| 126 112) 103 100 OSMeuISINO2°3 
| | | ' | 
In calculating the average sunspot variation the sunspot 
numbers before 1811 have been excluded, partly because 
they are very much less reliable than the numbers for the 
later years, from lack of continuous observations, partly 
because the mean variation for the later years will be more | 
directly comparable with the price variations, which, ex- 
cept in two cases, are deduced from the data of the years 
following 1810: In calculating the average eleven-yearly 
price variations the data for the years 1863 to 1866 have 
been excluded, because it is known that in those years 
prices were very much raised by the influence of the 
American war. 
There is some irregularity in the eleven-yearly price 
variations (especially in those for Dharwar and Belgaum) |_WOLF'S 
which can hardly be attributed directly to the solar in- | SUN-SPOT 
fluence. The best way of removing this irregularity will NUMBERS 
be to take the means of each consecutive pair of the eleven 1810 to 1875 
. | 
“The year 1871 is taken. as the first year of the sunspot cycle of eleven 
—— 
——— - 
Prat (all> elie ii a ae 
ned tie <4? iL) 
