464 
INGA T ORB, 
[ Sept. 9, 1886 
vatory of Algiers with the 0.50 m. telescope, by M. Ch. Trépied. 
On August 23 the apparent position of this comet was :— 
Algiers mean Apparent Right Log. fact. Apparent Log. fact. 
time. Ascension. parall. Declination. parall. 
h,m. s. te pe Hes iis 
8 4 29 13 21 Ti65) :.. 11656 2... (3) 2) 30 See g0n7 31 
—On some’ non-linear differential equations, by M. Roger 
Liouville.—On the algebraic integrals of the problems of 
dynamics, by M. G. Keenigs.—Notes were submitted by M. 
Martin on an apparatus reproducing the motions of the heavenly 
bodies, and by M. L. Hugo on the geometrical forms of the 
hailstones which fell in Paris on August 23. 
BERLIN 
Chemical Society, July 26.—C. Liebermann, President, in 
the chair.—S. Gabriel has further examined isoquinoline ob- 
tained by the reduction of monochlorisoquinoline ; it melts at 20°. 
He has also prepared some new derivatives of dichlorisoquino- 
line.—Biedermann has prepared some derivatives of para- 
hydroxybenzylalcohol.—Raschig communicated a very interest- 
ing research on the nature of gold chloride. He has prepared 
nitrogen compounds corresponding to the three oxidation 
stages of gold, and these he has analysed by a new method ; he 
points out the analogy between the iodides of nitrogen and gold 
fulminate and the analogous compounds obtained from gold 
chlorides and methylamine.—Prof. Pinner reported on the {ol- 
lowing communications received by the Soc.ety :—Cleve, on 
naphthalenesulphonic acids and on the value of orientation de- 
termined with the help of phosphorus pentachloride.—P. 
Bradley, on thienylglyoxylic acid and its derivatives.—R. H. 
Mertens, on the nitration of di- and mono-methylaniline with 
dilute nitric acid. —R. Leuckart and E. Bach, on the action of 
ammonium formate on benzaldehyde and benzophenone ; bases 
are produced, that from benzophenone having the composition 
CeHs \cH .NH;. 
6H; / : 
formate with production of crystalline compounds which, how- 
ever, have not yet been further examined.—T. H. van’t Hoff 
and Ch. M. von Deventer haye studied the question of the 
temperature at which reaction takes place in chemical decom- 
position and the accompanying phenomena : first in the case of 
double salts, ¢. sodium ammonium racemate or copper 
calcium acetate; and secondly in the case of double decom- 
position, ey. the decomposition of magnesium sulphate and 
sodium chloride with formation of astracamite and magnesium 
chloride, the reaction temperature in this case being 31°.—B. 
Tollens describes what he considers the best method for pre- 
paring formaldehyde.—Werner Kelbe and H. Stein have a 
paper on the products of the action of bromine on aqueous solu- 
tions of xylenesulphonic acids. —H. von Perger gives a pre- 
liminary account of the results obtained from the action of ethyl 
acetoacetate and ethyl acetonedicarboxylate on hydrazo-com- 
pounds. 
Camphor also reacts with ammonium 
STOCKHOLM 
Geological Society, May 6.—Baron Nordenskjold gave an 
account of his researches on the atomic weights of certain rare 
terrestrial metals, pointing out the peculiar conditions under 
which they combine in some minerals. He further described 
the analyses of the dust which had fallen in 1883 in the 
Cordilleras, believed to be of cosmic origin, being connected 
with the much-discussed red glows in the autumn of that year. 
Baron De Geer expressed the opinion that the glow was a 
natural meteorological phenomenon, though very pronounced in 
1883, whilst Prof. Brogger sided with the usual view of its 
being caused by the Krakatdo eruption.—Dr. E. Svedmark 
exhibited a map of the district of Roslagen, near Stockholm, 
showing the lakes and valleys which were considered to be 
caused by the cracking of the earth’s crust. He also corrected 
the reported discovery of basalt at Toldnga, in the province of 
Scania, which on closer examination had been found to be 
diabase accompanied by the formation of tophus.—Dr. F. 
Syenonius read a paper forwarded by Dr. H. Sjogren, on the 
mud volcanoes in the neighbourhood of Baku, in which locality 
he has for a long time sojourned, in order to prosecute geological 
researches. The volcanoes occur in a line along the Caspian 
Sea some 120 miles in length. One of the greatest mud cones 
as 1000 feet high, and the crater 2100 feet in diameter, viz. 
almost equal to that of Etna, Three violent eruptions have 
taken place this and last year. They were accompanied by 
severe emissions of fire, as, for instance, once by a column of 
are 50 feet in height, visible at a distance of 80 versts. There 
are also violent discharges of gas, which on one occasion, on 
being fired, produced a fire-column 20 feet in height. The dis- 
charge was so violent that the current could only be fired at a 
height of 7 feet from the opening. The changes which the sur- 
rounding rocks and mountains had suffered through the influence 
of these volcanoes were of the greatest interest. 
BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS RECEIVED 
‘Journal of Society of Telegrapa Engineers,” Nos. 62 and 63: List of 
Members (Spon).—‘‘ Pictorial Arts of Japan,” part 3, by W. Anderson (S. 
Low and Co.).—‘* The Mulberry Silkworm,” by C. V. Riley (Washington).— 
* Record of North American Invertebrate Palzontology for 1885,” by J. B. 
Marcou(Washingt n).—‘ A List of the Mesozoic and Genozoic Types in the 
Collections of the U.S. National Museum,”’ by J. B. Marcou (Washington). 
— Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sc.ences,’”” October 
1885 to May 1886 (Boston).—** Memoirs of the Geolog.cal Survey of India,” 
vol. i. 3. ‘'The Fossil Echinoidea.” Fasc, vi. ‘'’he Fossil Echinoidea 
from the Makran Series (Pliocene) of the Coast of Biluckistéa and of the 
Persian Gu'f,” by P. M. Duncan, and W. P. Sladen (Tribner).—“ Uni- 
versity College, Bristol: Calendar for the Session 1886-87”’ (Arrowsmith, 
Fristol).—‘* Durham College of Science, Newcastle-on-Tyne: Calendar for 
the Session 1886-87” (Reid, Newcastle).—** University College, Dundee : 
Calendar for the Fourth Session 1886-87” (Lang and Co., Dundee):— 
“Analysis Tables for Chemical Students,” by R. 5S. Taylor (S. Low and 
Co.).—*‘ Exercises on Mensuration for Junior Students,” by T. W. K. Start 
(5. Low and Co.).—*t The Methods of Glass-Blowing,’” by W. A. Shenstone 
(Rivingtons).—* First Lessons in Zoology,” by A. S. Packard (Holt and 
Co., New York).—‘‘ Fancy Pigeons,” parts 11, 12, 13, by J. C. Lyell (U. 
Gill).—“ British Cage Birds,” parts 11, 12, 13, by R. L. Wallace (U. Gill). 
—‘Loggio di Igiene Antimicrobica,” by I. Giglioli (Napoli).—‘‘ Journal of 
the Chemical Society,” September (Van Voorst).—‘* Théses a la Faculté des 
Sciences de Paris,” 1 and 2, by J. Deniker (Poitiers).—‘‘Goolden and 
Trotter's Dynamos,” 4th edition, 
CONTENTS PAGE 
The)Eclipse Expedition) = 022-277) (5) 02) seine tne nero 
The Zoological Results of the ‘‘ Challenger” 
Expedition” §. 6.4, 1 /sr stg) 4 0 Je) 10) 10 ope ee 
Our Book Shelf :— 
‘* Miscellaneous Papers relating to Indo-China” . . 
Letters to the Editor :— 
Physiological Selection and the Origin of Species.— ’ 
Dr. George J. Romanes; BRIS. =.) 2) cue 
Actinotrocha of the British Coasts.— W. H. 
SAE GG ofp pt 6 osbee O ooo 
A New Aérolite.—Dr. L. Haepke ....... 
Draper Memorial Photographs of Stellar Spectra 
exhibiting Bright Lines. By Prof. Edward C. — 
Pickering ere AEC. to, te off 
Peat Floods in the Falklands. By W. T. Thisel- 
ton) Dyer, (C\MiG RRS: a sie) eine ae see 
The British Association :— 
Section C—Geology—Opening Address by Prof. T. 
G. Bonney, D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S., F.S.A.,; 
F.G.S., President of the Section . . 
Section D—Biology—Opening Address by William 
Carruthers, Pres.L.S., F.R.S., F.G.S., Presi- 
dent ofjthe’Sectionic jira |i) unk cee) 
Section H—Anthropology—Opening Address by Sir 
George Campbell, K.C.S.I., M.P., D.C.L., 
F.R.G.S., President of the Section ...... 
Wiotesn. Se crite ge) ce) esol cc) (01) ool oto eto 
Our Astronomical Column ;— q 
Changes observed on the Surface of Mars... .. 459 
A Suspected New Variable Star... ....'. - 459 
The Binary Star OS234° . 2 < 2) <-9s0 an eS 
Astronomical Phenomena for the Week 1886 
September 12-18). yee cena ta eter cs) coy (ee 
The Recent Harthquakes) f°. 255. = - =) - men 
The Scottish Meteorological Society. ...... . 460 
Scientific/Serials:. . j)komiece ss a. ee 
Societies and Academies. .......+.++.- 
Books and Pamphlets Received ........-° 
438 
