564 
of expansion, a, its dimensions, ¢, and time of oscillation, ¢. 
The value of @ with these data may be calculated by 
the process here described, and in a future communication 
the author promises some values of coefficients of expansion 
determined by this method.—On the microscopic flora of 
sulphurous waters, by M. Louis Olivier. While prosecuting 
his researches on the reduction of the sulphates by living beings, 
the author has been led to the discovery of low organisms 
in sulphurous cold and thermal waters. ‘These organisms are 
found to be very active at very high temperatures, thriving and 
multiplying themselves in the hot springs of Des Q®ufs (Cau- 
terets), and elsewhere, at temperatures of from 46° to 50° C. 
Carefully collected and transplanted to an extract of beef, they 
continued to propagate at 65°, and even nearly to 70° C.—In- 
fluence of the organism of the guinea pig on the virulence of 
tuberculosis and scrofula, by M. S. Arloing. It results from 
several experiments that the virus of scrofula is not intensified 
by its presence for two generations in the guinea-pig. But the 
effect is different with true tuberculosis, which in its attenuated 
forms acquires by inoculation sufficient virulence to affect the 
rabbit, an animal otherwise so difficult to infect with this poison. 
—On the vascular system of the Echinide, by M. Henri 
Prouho, In reply to a statement recently made by M. Keehler, 
the author shows by numerous quotations that, except on two 
points, their views are not in accord on the vascular system of 
these organisms.—The earthquake of August 27, 1886, in 
Greece, by M. Léon Vidal. The paper contains a detailed 
account of the disturbances in various parts of the mainland and 
adjacent archipelagoes, from which it appears that the pheno- 
menon was due to a general cause situated somewhere to the 
south-west of the Island of Alphios, beyond the Strophades.— 
Remarks on achart representing the Granitic and Cretaceous 
formations of the Spanish Pyrenees, and their disposition in a 
series of oblique ridges, by M. F. Schrader. On this map, 
drawn to a scale of 1 : 200,000, the author gives the results of his 
own surveys in a deep colour, marking off the districts which 
he has not yet visited, and for which he has utilised the works 
of Dufrénoy and Elie de Beaumont.— Explanation of the 
solar spots and facule, by M. J. Delauney. ‘To explain these 
phenomena it is assumed that the sun consists of a very hot 
nucleus of metals in the fluid state wrapped in an atmosphere at 
a very high temperature and pressure, and formed almost entirely 
of hydrogen ; further, that the nucleus contains in solution a 
large quantity of gas derived from the atmosphere; that the 
atmospheric pressure is least at the poles and at the equator, 
with a maximum at low latitudes on either side of the equator ; 
lastly, that this atmosphere is subject to variations of pressure. 
The spots would then be caused by any atmospheric depression 
in any region of the solar surface, while the faculee would cor- 
respond to an inverse phenomenon, the atmospheric hydrogen 
being absorbed or dissolved by the nucleus under the influence of 
high pressures. The spots would be the result of a cyclone, the 
facula of an anti-cyclone, the former being accompanied by a 
diminution of heat employed to transport the hydrogen from the 
interior of the sun to and even beyond the atmosphere, while the 
latter represent a liberation of heat resulting from the precipita- 
tion of the hydrogen absorbed in the solar mass. 
STOCKHOLM 
Academy of Sciences, September 15.—A refutation of the 
remarks of Dr. Hoppe on the new theory of unipolar induction, 
by Prof. E. Edlund,—On the Salmonide of the Swedish State 
Museum with reference to a work recently published on them, 
by Prof. F. A, Smith.—On the new parts (15-17) of “f Algze 
aque dulcis exsiccatze quas distribuerunt,” V. Wittrock and 
O. Nordstedt, exhibited and commented upon by Prof. V. 
Wittrock. —Researches on the general Jupiter-perturbations of 
the asteroid Thetis, by Herr C. V. L. Charlier.—Some new de- 
velopments of the elliptic functions, by Prof. Hugo Gyldén.— 
On the habits of two Swedish species of the solitary wasps, by 
Prof, Chr. Aurivillius.—On a new nitro-naphthaline-sulphur- 
acid, by Prof, P. T. Cleve.—On glycolurite and acetylurea, by 
Prof. O, Widman.—On the products of oxidation of the ortho- 
nitrocumenolocryl-acid and its combinations, by the same.— 
New researches on the re-arrangements of the atoms in the 
propyl group, by the same.—On the curve of coincidence of the 
common algebraic differential equations of the first order, by 
Prof. C. F. E. Bjérling,—On the integration of the differential 
equations in the problem of the N-bodies, iii., by Prof. Dillner. 
—On the connection between the coefficients of expansion and 
NATURE 
[Oct. 7, 1886 
the coefficients of elasticity at different degrees of temperature, 
by Prof. G. R. Dahlander.—On the determination of sulphur 
and haloods in organic combinations, by Dr. P. Klason. 
BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS RECEIVED 
‘* Lehrbuch der Pear eugene Anatomie der Wirbelthiere,”’ by Prof. Dr. 
R. Wiedersheim (Fischer, Jena).—*‘ Edinburgh Astronomical Observations,” 
vol. xv., by Prof. P. Smyth (Neill and Co.).—‘ Pictorial Arts of Japan,” 
part 4, by Wm. Anderson (Low and Co.).—‘‘A Treatise of Spherical 
Trigonometry,” part 2, by W. J. McClelland and T. Preston (Macmillan 
and Co ).—“ Illustrated Hand-book of Vic’oria, Australia (Ferres, Mel- 
bourne).—** Journal of Statistica] Society,’’ September (Stanford).—“ Euclid 
Revised,” Books i. and ii., by C. J. Nixon (Clarendon Press).—'* Hand- 
book of Zoology,” 3rd edition, by Sir J. W. Dawson (Dawson, Montreal),.— 
‘Bulletin of the Amer. Mus. of Nat. Hist.,” July 1886 (New York).— 
“British Fungi,” vol. ii., by J. Stevenson (Blackwood).—‘‘ Challenger 
Reports, Zool. gy,” vols. xv.-xvi.—‘ Explosions in Coal-Mines,”’ by W. N. 
and J. B. Atkinson (Longmans).—‘‘ Philosophische Studien,” Dritter Band, 
4 Heft, by W. Wundt (Engelmann, Leipzig).—‘‘ Proceedings of the Boston 
Society of Natural History,” vol. xxiii. part 2 (Bosto: ).—‘' Memoirs of the 
Boston Society of Natural History,” vol. iii. No. 12, by W. K. Brooke; 
No. 13, by S. H. Scudder (Boston).—‘‘ Des Mesures absolues de la Chaleur 
rayonnante,” by K. Angstrém (Upsal).—‘‘ Stonyhurst College Observatory : 
Results of Meteorological and Magnetical Observations, 1885,"" by Rev. S. 
J. Perry.—‘‘Rules regarding Defects of Vision,” by Sir J. Fayrer 
(Churchill).—‘‘ Ancient and Modern Methods of Arrow Release,” by E. S. 
Morse (Essex Inst.).—‘‘ Results of Experiments at Rothamsted on the 
Growth of Varley,” by Prof. J. H. Gilbert.—‘ Descriptive List of Native 
eine of South Australia Recommended for Cultivation,” by J. G. O. 
epper. 
CONTENTS PAGE 
Orchids: as ite cto cee) el teehee oet st et 
Arciand GlowsLamps . : . : : « ! «5, ss seuenneee 
Disordersiof Digestion ©9. . 3.) ./2 5 =) eee eeSES 
Alchemy.) By\GoH. Bailey <= 2. 2) .) suse 
Our Book Shelf :— 
Leclercq’s ‘‘ Terre des Merveilles”. . .... . 545 
Letters to the Editor :— 
The Cereals of Prehistoric Times. —W. T. Thisel- 
ton’ Dyer, (CIMiG) PORTS)... -) see 
Physiological Selection and the Origin of Species.— 
Dr. George J. Romanes, F:RS: 205) Senses 
Cooke’s ‘‘Chemical Physics.’—Sir Henry E.  - 
Roscoe, "MIP. RORISS 2 20 0 a) seer 
The Tangent-Galvanometer.—Prof. G, arey 
Foster, BoRsS. 0.2 Gero Mn te) ee el 
Alligators in the Bahamas.—John Gardiner... . 546 
Meteors—The September Taurids.—W.F. Denning 546 
Action of Light upon Diastases.—Dr. Arthur ~ 
DOWNES: 6. 5. oi 15% at (eh Secs, sa, Nome eeu 
Note on Actinometry by Oxalic Acid.—Dr. Arthur 
Downes) «iw cee ce a! oo) oi 
Humming in the Air caused by Insects.—W. Har- 
court Bath! '-. 0. ie. 9 vi <TR: eee eee) 
Mimicry in Snakes.—W. Hammond Tooke... 547 
The Colonial and Indian Exhibition. By Prof. John 
RoTackson: cite 6 fe re Gye we vee) il 0 eee 
GreekiGeometry 7.) -/ te Key ein se) coe ee 
The Hygiene of the Vocal Organs. (Ji/ustrated) . 548 
A New Case of Parthenogenesis in the Vegetable 
Kingdom. By Dr. A. Ernst. (Li/ustrated) ... 549 
Our English Temperatures. By Chas. Harding 552 
Niotesig.) co 15 be come coves ta 6 fel sire’ teueta(s) Ma amen 
Our Astronomical Column :— 
Personal Equation in Observations of Double Stars. 555 
Publication der Astronomische Gesellschaft, No. 
VLDL peiecipie cot eee. or Sites ol ocean 
Astronomical Phenomena for the Week 1886 
QOctober'ro=15) fis ec) Sy 2 
GeographicalNotes! <3 25. 6 0 <yctee) se 
Notes on Vesuvius from Feruary 4 to August 7, 
1886. By Dr. H. J. Johnstou-Lavis. . . 2. 3 6 557 
The Adelaide Botanic Garden and Government 
Plantations (5 score. 1c eens: ol Yen laiks> eae Sia mE 
The American Association ......... .. 558 
Photographic Determ‘~ations of Stellar Positions. 
By Dro BuAliGoule?? 2 20005) ve xs) woke lesa iy an oe 
University and Ed: ! ualIntelligence ..... 562 
Scientific Serial- ORCC TeGRG, GC toen Oo Si 
Societies and ° Seo O OOOO Oo AE 
Books and F wis Received! 25.) 5 2. © a seremyOd! 
He ow 
