JuLy 10, 1902] 
NATURE 
261 
seismographs are simply swung from side to side or up and down 
under the influence of the tilting of their supporting bed plate. 
Dr. Agamennone’s new arrangement will no doubt give 
records which are valuable, but the seismograph which is 
suitable to record all forms of earthquake motion has yet to be 
designed. I INH 
UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 
INTELLIGENCE. 
CAMBRIDGE.—During the long vacation, beginning on July 
7, courses of lectures will be given as follows :—Mathematics 
and astronomy, by Sir Robert Ball, Mr. Richmond, and Mr. 
Coates; practical histology, by Dr. Hill and Dr. Barclay- 
Smith; pharmacology, by Prof. Bradbury and Dr. Dixon; 
osteology, by Dr. Barclay-Smith ; geology, by Mr. Marr ; 
crystallography, by Mr. Hutchinson ; chemistry, by Mr. Fenton; 
metallurgy, by Mr. Dootson ; analysis of foods, &c., by Mr. Purvis; 
practical physics, by demonstrators in the Cavendish Laboratory ; 
pathology and morbid histology, by Prof. Woodhead and Mr. 
Strangeways-Pigg ; bacteriology and preventive medicine, by 
Dr. Nuttall ; animal parasites, by Mr. Shipley ; medicine, by 
Dr. Humphry and Dr. Lloyd-Jones ; surgery, by Dr. Griffiths 
and Mr. Wherry ; hygiene, by Dr. Anningson. 
THE Nature-Study Exhibition to be held at the Royal 
Botanic Gardens will be opened on July 23 by the Duchess of 
Devonshire, the Duke of Devonshire being in the chair. A 
number of interesting conferences have been arranged in con- 
nection with the exhibition. Among the subjects to be brought 
forward in addresses and short papers are:—‘‘The Study of 
Nature,” by Lord Avebury, F.R.S. ; ‘‘Seasonal Studies in 
Natural History,” by Prof. J. Arthur Thomson; ‘‘ Nature- 
Study in Elementary Schools,” by Prof. C. Lloyd-Morgan, 
F.R.S. ; ‘£ Visual Instruction,” by Prof. Bickmore ; ‘‘ Nature- 
Study in Colleges and Higher Schools,”’ by Prof’ Miall, F.R.S. ; 
“* Plant-Life as Nature-Study,” by Mr. Scott Elliott ; ‘* School 
Gardens,” by Mr. T. G. Rooper; ‘‘Geology as a Branch of 
Nature-Study,” by Prof. Grenville Cole; ‘‘ The Training of 
Teachers in Nature-Study,” by the Rev. Canon Steward ; and 
‘The Relation of Nature-Study to School Work and to the 
Home,” by Sir Joshua Fitch. 
MANUFACTURERS and others interested in paper-making 
have been invited to give their support to a scheme for the 
establishment of special scientific and technical instruction in 
connection with this industry at the Battersea Polytechnic. It 
is suggested that the scheme should provide for both day courses 
(extending over two or three years) and evening classes for 
employés who cannot be spared during the day ; and that it 
should include thorough and systematic scientific and techni- 
cal instruction (theoretical and practical) in chemistry and 
engineering so far as is necessary for the science of the subject 
and helpful for its practical carrying out, combined with 
experimental work in a laboratory or workshop specially fitted 
up for the actual manufacture of paper and complete testing of 
the finished product. Such a department when organised would 
naturally become a centre of research in questions connected 
with the paper-making and cellulose industries. The circular 
states that the paper-makers in the North of England have taken 
up the question in a very practical way and are supporting one 
of the large technical colleges, where they have put down a 
small model paper machine, which has been made in Germany, 
no English manufacturer being found willing to undertake the 
making of it. 
THE Calendar of the Tokyo Imperial University for 1901-1902 
shows that provision is made for the study of many branches of 
pure and applied science. In the College of Engineering, 
practical work and excursions are arranged outside the College, 
in addition to the laboratory work. In connection with the 
College of Science there are museums of zoology, geology and 
anthropology, anda herbarium. At the Astronomical Observa- 
tory the principal work carried on consists of observations of 
position and the compilation of almanacs. The director of the 
Botanic Garden is prepared to exchange seeds with foreign 
botanists or institutions. Earth-movements are continually 
studied at the seismological observatory, and on the occurrence 
of a great earthquake an expedition is at once sent to make all 
possible investigations. The Marine Biological Station is situated 
on the extremity of the peninsula jutting out between the Bay 
of Sagami and the Gulf of Tokyo ; it thus has access to localities 
NO. 1706, VOL. 66] 
rich in remarkable animal forms. Though the station is 
primarily intended for the use of instructors and students of the 
University, its facilities are extended to other persons who are 
qualified to avail themselves of the opportunities of research 
there afforded. The College of Agriculture is a very active part 
of the University, and the numerous investigations carried on in 
the experimental farm have often been noticed in NATURE. 
Connected with the zoological laboratory of this department are 
four buildings for the study of. silk-worm culture, containing all 
the apparatus required for experiment and research. Rooms are 
also provided for special work in the study of the pebrine disease 
—the most formidable obstacle to silk-worm culture. 
SEVERAL matters of interest are mentioned in the report of 
the Council of the City and Guilds of London Institute, a copy 
of which has been received. Important extensions have been 
made at the Central Technical College, among them being 
additions to the electrical department in order to bring it up to 
the present requirements of the electrical industry. The total 
cost of the extension of the College, including equipment and 
all structural additions and alterations, both for the College 
and for the department of technology, is estimated at 10,000/., 
and the additional annual cost at about 1000/. The Institute has 
recently received from the University of London an offer to 
devote 1425/. a year to the department of engineering in the 
Central Technical College, subject to certain conditions. This 
amount is the larger part of a grant made to the University by 
the Technical Education Board of the London County Council 
for improving and extending the teaching of engineering in the 
metropolis. It involves the appointment of the professor of 
engineering of the College as a ‘‘ transferred teacher”’ of the 
University, and it is a recognition by the University that the 
College occupies the foremost position among engineering 
colleges in the metropolis. The organisation and work of the 
College have not otherwise been affected by reason of its inclusion 
as a school of the University. At the Technical College, Fins- 
bury, the only change recorded in the educational scheme is the 
addition of a laboratory class in electrochemistry for second- 
year chemical students. The development of the use of elec- 
tricity in the chemical industries has shown the necessity of 
making more complete the training which has been given to 
chemical students in this branch of physics. 
A copy of an address on the University of London, delivered 
by Dr. E. H. Starling, F.R.S., at University College, London, 
on June 5, has been received. Some of the prominent points 
brought forward in the address have already been described 
(p. 164), and are the same as those stated in these columns on 
more than one occasion. What are wanted in London are 
great University centres, adequate to the higher intellectual 
needs of the seven million inhabitants. The main features 
of the University of London sketched by Prof. Starling are as 
follows :—‘‘ Under the control of the Senate, but administered 
by local councils appointed by the Senate, would be these four 
or more centres, by which the main teaching and research of the 
University in all Faculties would be carried out. In addition to 
these centres there would be a number of schools of the Univer- 
sity which would preserve their autonomy, but would direct 
their teaching according to the requirements of the University. 
Such schools would be essentially post-graduate in character, 
in that it would be their office to gratt on the general training in 
method, acquired within the walls of the University itself, the 
special professional training necessary to fit the man for the 
pursuit of medicine, law, commerce, administration, &c. The 
relation of the Polytechnics to the University will require 
careful consideration. In any policy decided upon, it must be 
remembered that the whole object is the improvement of the 
mental training of our fellow citizens and not the distribution 
of degrees. It is vital to the welfare of the country that as 
many as possible of its inhabitants should have received a 
thorough university training, and be competent to use their 
brains in solution of the new problems which must continually 
meet them, whatever their trade or profession. The whole pro- 
gress of the nation depends on the mental equipment of its 
members. At no time more than the present have the words 
of Bacon on this subject been so full of counsel; ‘If any man 
thinks philosophy and universality to be idle studies, he doth 
not consider that all professions are from thence served and 
supplied. . . . For if you will have a tree bear more fruit than 
it used to do, it is not anything you can do to the boughs, but 
it is the stirring of the earth and putting new mould about the 
roots that must work it.’” 
