264 
spark returns to its original condition.—Signor Schiaparelli was 
elected a Foreign Associate in the place of the late Baron 
Nordenskiéld.—On a class of functional equations, by M. Ivar 
Fredholm, —On the integration of differential systems which ure 
completely integrable, by M. E. Cartan.—On injection motors, 
by M. L. Lecornu. A thermodynamical analysis of the Diesel 
petroleum motor.—On the liquefaction of air, by M. Georges 
Claude. A description of an improved machine for the 
economical production of liquid air. Worked by an engine of 
30 B.H.P. about 20 litres of liquid air per hour is produced, 
and from a second engine worked by the escaping gases about 
6 B.H.P. is obtained, thus producing about 1 litre of liquid 
air per 1 B.H.P.—Remarks on the above paper, by M. 
d’Arsonval. It is pointed out that, although the theoretical 
possibility of the method used by M. Claude has always been 
conceded, the attempts of Siemens and Solvay were failures, 
and Linde, in fact, definitely stated that such an arrangement 
could not possibly work. The results obtained after two years’ 
work are very promising.—Remarks by M. Cailletet on the 
same subject.—The precautions necessary in the use of Ruhm- 
korff coils in radiography, by MM. Infroit and Gaiffe. It was 
noticed in comparing radiographs taken by the aid of induction 
coils with those taken by the use of static machines that the 
latter were always perfectly sharp whilst the former were often 
wanting in clearness. This effect has been traced to the action 
of the magnetic field of the coil on the kathode flux of the bulb. 
On removing the Crookes tube to a sufficient distance from the 
coil, this effect was obviated. —The action of self-induction in the 
extreme ultra-violet portion of spark spectra, by M. Eugéne 
Neéculcéa. Details are given of the measurements with lead 
and zinc.—On the speed of the ions in a salt flame, by M. 
Georges Moreau.—On the magnetic properties of the ferro- | 
silicons, by M. Ad. Jouve. The points of inflections on the 
curves given point to the existence of two definite compounds 
of iron and silicon in the alloys studied and no more, Fe,Si and 
FeSi.—The centre of gravity of binary accords, by M. A. 
Guillemin.—On the double nitrites of iridium, by M. E. 
Leidié. The preparation and properties of the double nitrites 
of iridium with potassium, sodium and ammonium are described. 
—On the constitution of the aloins ; comparison with the gluco- 
sides, by N. E. Léger. The aloins appear to belong to a new 
class of compounds, glucosides not split up by dilute acids. — 
On two new sugars extracted from manna, manneotetrose and 
manninotriose, by M. C. Tanret.—The action of carbon bisul- 
phide on the polyvalent amino-alcohols, by MM. L. Maquenne 
and E. Roux. The polyoxyamines are attacked on warming 
with carbon bisulphide, giving cyclic combinations containing 
only a single atom of sulphur, probably oxazolines.—On the 
estimation of lecithin in milk, by MM. F. Bordas and Sig. de 
Raczkowski.—The mechanism of the synthesis of leucine, by 
MM. A. Vila and E, Vallée.—On the application of hot air as 
a method of heating non-volatile liquids in the form of spray, 
by M. J. Glover.—Variations in the state of refraction of the 
human eye according to the illumination, by M. Auguste Char- 
pentier.—On the effects produced by the section of the semi- 
circular canals from the point of view of their stimulation and 
their paralysis, by M. Louis Boutan.—On the brain of the 
Phascolosome, by M. Marcel A. Hérubel.—On the existence 
of elements corresponding to a primitive form of the sieve tubes 
in Gymnosperms, by M. G. Chauveaud.—On the density of 
sea-water, by MM. Thoulet and Chevallier. 
New SoutH WALEs. 
Linnean Society, April 30.—Mr. J. 11. Maiden, president, in 
the chair.—The gummosis of the sugar-cane, by Mr. R. Greig 
Smith. From the gum of diseased stalks, Bacterium vascularum, 
Cobb, was isolated and purified. Under suitable conditions of 
nutrition, temperature and acidity, the bacterium produces, in 
the laboratory, a gum or slime which is chemically identical with | 
the gum obtained from diseased canes. The gum is therefore 
not a pathological secretion of the plant, but is undoubtedly of 
microbic origin. For the formation of gum, saccharose or 
NATURE 
leevulose is necessary ; dextrose is not so useful, and the other | 
commonly occurring sugars and carbohydrates are useless. Of 
the saline nutrients, phosphate is essential, and potash can be 
replaced by calcium or magnesium ; sodium salts act as decided 
poisons to the microbe. The specific characters of the bacterium 
are described. —On a Gyrocotyle from Chimaera Ogilbyz, and on 
Gyrocotyle in general, by Prof. W. A. Haswell, F.R.S.—Notes 
from the Botanic Gardens, Sydney, No. 8, by Mr. J. H. Maiden 
NO. 1706, vol. 66] 
| JULY 10, 1902 
and Mr. E. Betche.—Further remarks upon the mechanism of 
agglutination, by Mr. R. Greig Smith, Macleay bacteriologist to 
the Society. 
GOTTINGEN. 
Royal Society of Sciences.—The Nachrichten (physico- 
mathematical section), parts ii. and iii. for 1902, contain the 
following memoirs communicated to the Society :— 
February 8.—Lothar Heffter; On the theory of real curve- 
integrals. Walther Borsche : Xanthene derivatives from 
p-nitrophenol. O. Kellogg: On the theory of the integral 
fe 
equation 4 (s,/) — A(s,¢7) =u | ; A (s, 7) A (x, ¢) dr. 
0 
February 22.—W. Nernst and A. Lessing: On the migration 
of galvanic polarisation through platinum and palladium plates. 
R. Straubel: Experiments on thermoelectric effects in 
tourmaline. 
March 8.—J. O. Miiller: On the minimal property of the 
sphere. E. Wiechert : Observations at Gottingen of the polar 
light. A. Schoenflies: On a fundamental theorem of the 
analysis of position, J. Elster: Dr. V. Cuomo’s measurements 
of the distribution of atmospheric electricity in the open air at 
Capri. 
May 3.—H. Ebert: Report of observations on atmospheric 
electricity at Munich in the year 1901-2, F. Exner: Report 
of observations on atmospheric electricity at the stations of the 
Vienna Academy. 
CONTENTS. PAGE 
The Record of Huxley’s Scientific Work. By 
Gass. HH. 241 
Geological History” 242 
Plane Surveying. By Major C. F. Close 243 
Inspection of Railway Materials. By N. J. L. 244 
Our Book Shelf :— 
Watkins : ‘*The Watkins Manual of Ws lg 
Exposure and Development.”—C. 245 
Hodge: ‘‘ Nature Study and Life.’ BER TE) oe 245 
iigle : © Manual of Agricultural Chemis*ry. “RW. 245 
Hildebrand: ‘‘ Ueber Aehnlichkeiten im Pflanzen- 
reich” See rigct Wa Teer occu tS) 
Tuckerman: “ Index to the Literature of the Spec- 
troscope (1887-1900, both inclusive).”.—H. M.. . 246 
Letters to the Editor :— 
Misuse of Coal.—D. E. Hutchins . . 246 
Cold Weather in South Africa.—J. R. Sutton . 247 
A Short Period of Solar and Meteorological 
Changes. (lWith Diagrams.)—Sir Norman Lockyer, 
K.C.B., F.R.S., and Dr. William J. S. Lockyer 248 
The First Magnetician. (///ustrated.) By R. T. G. 249 
Recent History of the Royal Society . 251 
The Future of the Victoria University. By Prof. 
COUT SCHUStET,, Ha Css ame acnstts ye) enue ene 
Notes : . 254 
Our Be tacnomicall Conant i 
The Periodical Comet of Tempel-Swift (1869-1880) . 258 
Mr. Tebbutt’s Observatory at Windsor, N.S.W. . . 258 
Extension of the Kathode Radiation Hypothesis to 
Nebule . 259 
Personal Equ ation in the Measurement of Spectro: 
scopic Negatives . . 259 
Apparent Deformations of the Sun’ s Dice) near the 
Horizon. (J//lustrated.) . 259 
Oceanographical Inveatientions in South Recon 
Waters falas Soe 3 ZA) 
A New. Form ei Scismograph, lieastr cre.) Ry 
io MSG 260 
Tiaversity and Educational Geren gence 261 
262 
Societies and Academies .. . 
