408 
NATURE 
[AUGUST 21, 1902 
1895, the date of the last report issued by the Bureau, in the 
provisions made in all countries for the education of this unfor- 
tunate class. Not only are the charitably disposed of European 
and American countries fully alive to the possibilities of assist- 
ing the deaf by suitable methods of instruction, but, as the 
report shows, there are schools in good working order in China, 
Japan, Algiers and other places not often associated with 
educational progress. It is interesting, too, to learn that up- 
wards of thirty periodicals for the deaf are issued in Europe, and 
nearly sixty in America. 
THE following list of successful candidates for Royal Exhi- 
bitions, National Scholarships and Free Studentships (science) 
has been issued by the Board of Education, South Kensington :— 
Royal Exhibitions: Charles Cook, Landport, Portsmouth ; 
Gilmour E. -Brown, Balloch, Dumbartonshire, N.B. ; Charles J. 
Stewart, Fratton, Portsmouth; George H. Childs, Ports- 
mouth ; William Welch, Fratton, Portsmouth; Edward L. 
Macklin, Buckland, Portsmouth ; Alfred Jones, Crewe. 
National Scholarships for Mechanics: Herbert G. Tisdall, 
Beeding, Sussex ; Joseph J. Holloway, Saltley, Birmingham ; 
George H. Andrews, Sheerness; John Alexander, Glasgow ; 
Christopher J. Lees, Oldham ; Robert Royds, Oldham. Free 
Studentships for Mechanics: William E. Gardner, Edgbaston, 
Birmingham ; Harold Fowler, Urmston, Manchester ; Leonard 
E. B. Pearse, London. National Scholarships for Physics : 
Ambrose E. Woodall, Swinton, Lancs. ; James H. Brinkworth, 
-Chippenham ; Herbert Moss, Leeds; Thomas F. Connolly. 
“St. Albans; A. Henderson McKenzie, Salford, Manchester, 
Free Studentships for Physics: Evan J. Evans, Llanelly ; 
“Wilfrid M. Hooton, Sutton Bridge, Lincs. National Scholar- 
-ships for Chemistry: Alfred F. Joseph, London; Alexander 
McDonald, Middlesbrough ; Donald F. Blyther, London ; 
James M. Hird, South Woodford, Essex ; Howard H. Morgan, 
Rhayader, Wales ; John W. Birkby, Leeds. Free Studentship 
for Chemistry: Robert G. Kirkby, Whitstable. National 
Scholarships for Biology : William F. Collins, London ; Thomas 
Southwell, Todmorden; Arthur E. Pratt, London. National 
Scholarships for Geology : George Haworth, Burnley ; Thomas 
Dewhurst, Burnley. 
SCIENTIFIC SERIAL. 
American Journal of Science, August.—The terraces of the 
Westfield River, Mass., by W. M. Davis. Miller’s theory of 
defending ledges gives a better explanation of these terraces 
than any other, the normal action of a meandering and swinging 
river sufficing to account for nearly all the details of terrace 
form.—Notes on the Cretaceous turtles, Toxochelys and 
Archelon, with a classification of the marine Testudinata, by 
G. R. Wieland.—The magnetic effect of electric displacement, 
by J. B. Whitehead, jun. After a short historical account and 
criticism of the previous work done in this field, new experi- 
ments are described, the net result of which is against the 
presence of the magnetic effect of electric displacement in an 
amount given by Maxwell’s expression. Only once was a 
positive result obtained, and this is regarded as being liable to 
question. —Certain relations of plant growth to ionisation of the 
soil, by A. B. Plowman. The experiments described show that 
negative charges stimulate and positive charges paralyse the 
embryonic protoplasm of plants. —The demagnetising effects of 
electromagnetically compensated alternating currents, by Z. E. 
Crook. An experimental study of the effects of the alternating 
current on the magnetic properties of iron and steel, with special 
reference to the effect due to the current independently of that 
produced by the circular magnetism.—Nepheline and other 
syenites near Port Coldwell, Ontario, by A. P. Coleman.—The 
double ammonium phosphates in analysis, by M. Austin. A 
study of the best conditions for the determination of zinc and 
manganese as double ammonium phosphates. —On the electrical 
resistance of glass, quartz, mica, ebonite and gutta-percha, by 
O. N. Rood. 
SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES. 
Paris. 
Academy of Sciences, August 11.—M. Bouquet de la 
Grye in the chair.—Reflection and refraction by a body under- 
going a rapid translation, by M. J. Boussinesq.—On the law of 
pressures in cannon, by M. E. Vallier. As the expression 
originally proposed by the author necessitates complicated inter. 
NO. 1712, VOL. 66] 
polations, an empirical formula of a simpler nature is suggested 
which is sufficiently exact —On entire functions of finite order, 
by M. Ernst Lindelof.—On the mode of formation of kathode 
and Roéntgen rays, by M, Th. Tommasina. The study of the 
unipolar production of the X-rays by M. Jules Semenov led him 
to the conclusion that the antikathode gives off rays only if it 
carries an electric charge, and if connected to the earth it gives 
off practically no rays. Having regard to the theoretical im- 
portance of this fact, the author has submitted it to further 
experimental study. The following conclusions are stated :— 
The diffuse reflection of the anode flux alone is sufficient to give 
rise to kathode rays and to Rontgen rays; the phenomenon 
takes place even when the antikathode is connected to the 
earth, and the multiple reflection by the walls of a vacuum 
tube suffices to produce the partial transformation of 
the anode flux into both kathode and Rontgen rays. 
—Phenomena observed at Zi-Ka-Wei, China, during the 
Martinique eruption, by M. de Moidrey. A magnetic dis- 
turbance was observed, as at Paris and at Lyons, at a time 
corresponding with the explosion of Mont Pelée, together with 
an earth tremor which lasted about eight hours. —New contribu- 
tions to the physiology of. the leucocytes, by MM. I1. Stassano 
and F. Billon.—Hmoglobinuria of muscular origin, by MM. 
Jean Camus and P. Pagniez —On the existence of a kinase in 
snake poison, by M. C. Delezenne. Snake poison contains a 
diastase possessing the same properties as enterokinase, or the 
microbial kinases. It has not yet been determined whether it 
is distinct from the poisonous principle of the snake venom.— 
The toxin of tetanus. Observations of the electrical resistance 
and of the index of refraction, by MM. Dongier and Lesage. — 
The distribution of the suprarenal bodies of the Plagiostomes, 
by M. Ed. Grynfeltt.—Observations on the germinative dura- 
tion of seeds, by M. Jules Poisson. The seeds of plants 
growing in moist soils preserve their vitality longer than others 
provided that they do not leave their moist situation.—The 
verification of the law of barometric heights, by M. W. de 
Fonvielle. 
CONTENTS. 
PAGE 
A Monograph of the British Liverworts. By 
Prof. J. B. Farmer, F.R.S. 385 
Structurally Active Media ..... 386 
Elementary Physics 387 
The Voice and Respiration. By Dr. B. Moore , . 
Our Book Shelf :— 
Sparrow: ‘‘ The Principles of Simple Photography ” 
Ladd : ‘‘ Philosophy of Conduct."—A. E. T. . 
““The Thompson Yates Laboratories Report.”— 
Letters to the Editor :— 
Sunset Effects.—Prof. G. H. Bryan, F.R.S.; S. 
ln co a Sl lo Glomatoma ¢ 5° S48) 
The Older Civilisation of Greece: Further Dis- 
coveries in Crete. (///ustrated.) By H. HH... . . 390 
Alexander Kowalevsky. By Prof. E. Ray Lan- 
ResternehoRos: |. slepee ay ae 304 
Notes cies SEE 396 
Our Astronomical Column :— 
A New Registering Actinometer 401 
Solar Phenomena during 1901 401 
A Dark Spot on Jupiter ft yah ah ced ce Neh ey RO 
Royal Society Report on the West Indian 
IDET ofS cose Ga oo fy 3 CIS 
The Perseid Meteoric Shower of 1902. By W. F. 
1D i el NS. Sob Sam 3 406 
The Zoological Society's new Ape-House ... . 406 
The Habits of th: Larve and Adults of Sirex and 
Thalessa. MPS AG eb te 407 
University and Educational Intelligence 407 
Scientific Serial ve 408 
Societies and Academies . 408 
