AuvcusT 28, 1902] 
NATURE 
431 
digging of mounds in the Eastern and Central States; thus the 
archzeology of that portion of America can be very well studied 
in the museum. During the years 1887 to 1893 the late Mrs. 
Mary Hemenway provided funds for archzeological and ethno- 
logical expeditions to the Pueblo Indians of Arizona and New 
Mexico. 
The history of the progress of anthropology in Chicago is 
eminently characteristic of that typical American city. 
There is no need to give a detailed history of the anthropo- 
logical department of this museum, as Dr. Dorsey has already 
done so in the American Anthropologist, n.s., il. 1890, p. 
247; but I will briefly indicate the main collections and their 
origin, 
The anthropological collections which formed the foundation 
of the department were obtained through special expeditions 
sent out under the direction of Prof. F. W. Putnam, or by 
collectors resident in the field, who were commissioned by the 
department of ethnology to undertake the work. A mass of 
interesting and valuable material from Alaska to Peru was thus 
accumulated. A few collections from other quarters of the 
globe were also obtained. The history of the museum since 
then has been one of almost unparalleled activity. Expedition 
after expedition has been sent out to collect ethnological and 
archzeological material in North and Central America ; some 
of these have been paid for out of the museum funds, while 
others have been rendered possible by special donations from 
benefactors, most of whom are Chicago merchants. 
The more technical aspect of the museum has been so well 
described by Dr. A. B. Meyer that I need not dwell upon it. 
The most recent inauguration of anthropological activity is 
that displayed by the University of California. A department 
of anthropology was established by the Regents of the Univer- 
sity in September, 1901. 
As an encouragement to others and as an expression of her 
great interest in the new department, Mrs. Phcebe A. Hearst, 
who is one of the Regents and a most generous benefactor to 
the University, has promised 10,000/, (50,000 dollars) a year 
for five years for anthropological research. In this manner is 
struck the key-note of the new department. Research first and 
foremost. We may look forward in the immediate future to 
the establishment of a really important museum on the Pacific 
coast which, being under the jurisdiction of the University of 
California, will be the centre of considerable anthropological 
research and instruction. 
Now that the financial position of the Stanford University 
at Palo Alto is permanently secured, it is to be hoped that the 
claims of anthropology will not be overlooked. 
This is not the place to describe the points of interest in the 
various museum buildings, the installation of the collections and 
the details relating to museum administration and technique. It 
is the less necessary as Dr. A. B. Meyer, of Dresden, who is a 
recognised authority on all matters pertaining to museums, 
travelled in the United States in 1899, and he is publishing a 
series of well-illustrated reports on the institutions he visited. 
These reports are invaluable to all those who are interested in the 
promotion or maintenance of museums and libraries, and it is 
to be hoped that no architect in the future will attempt to draw 
up plans fora new museum or library until he has consulted 
this work.? 
Il. The Teaching of Anthropology in the United States of 
America. 
In America courses of anthropology were established about 
fifteen years ago at Harvard University and at the University of 
Pennsylvania. It was one of the first subjects introduced into 
the curriculum of the University of Chicago. Seven or eight 
years ago anthropology was recognised in Columbia University 
in the city of New York. At the present time some thirty-three 
universities and colleges offer instruction in anthropology. 
Limit of space precludes my giving details concerning the 
instruction in anthropology in these numerous institutions, so I 
confine myself to a consideration of two of the universities where 
the teaching is most firmly established. Further information 
on this subject will be found in Prof. G. G. MacCurdy’s report 
on ‘‘ The Teaching of Anthropology in the United States’’ in 
Sczence, n.s., vol. xv. 1902, p. 211. 
It would be impossible to include within the limits of a brief 
1 The two parts already issued are entitled ‘‘ Ueber Museen des Ostens 
der Vereinigten Staatne von Nord Amerika.” Reisenstudien von A. B. 
Meyer. (Berlin: R. Friedlander und Sohn.) 
NO. 1713, VOL. 66] 
address an account of all the work that is being done in anthro- 
pology by the Government, by public and private institutions, 
or by individual effort in the United States of America. Much 
as I should have liked to have emphasised the interest exhibited 
in the subject and the wonderful activity that is being displayed, 
the bare enumeration of all this activity would make a very 
weary chronicle. 
I must confess that I felt a not inconsiderable amount of envy 
when on every hand I witnessed this energy and then recalled 
the apathy which pervades our own country. 
The American public is more intelligently alive to the interest 
and importance of anthropology than is our public. The ex- 
ponents of the science are energetic, enthusiastic and com- 
petent, and they succeed in gaining the practical sympathy of 
wealthy merchants, who are not averse to spending money 
freely when they see that the money will be wisely spent for the 
good of the State or of the city. One cannot say that the 
wealthy Americans are more intelligent than are our rich men, 
but they do seem to appreciate the value of learning to a much 
greater extent than do ours. At all events, they respond more 
readily to the very pressing need there is for the endowment of 
research and of those institutions which bring the knowledge 
of the expert down to the comprehension of the masses. 
I am quite willing to admit that the fault in this country may 
lie as much with the specialist as with the capitalist. In any 
case we have an inspiriting demonstration in the United States 
of America of what can and should be done in Great and 
Greater Britain, and I venture to thank our American colleagues 
in the name of anthropological science for this good example of 
strenuous effort and praiseworthy accomplishment. 
UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 
INTELLIGENCE. 
THE new municipal school of technology in Manchester will 
be opened by Mr. Balfour on October 15. 
Dr. W. PALMER WYNNE, F.R.S., professor of chemistry 
in the School of Pharmacy of the Pharmaceutical Society, will 
deliver an address at the inauguration of the sixty-first session of 
the School on October I. 
Mr. PARKIN, who has just gone to America to formulate a 
plan for putting into execution the provisions of Mr. Cecil 
Rhodes’s will, has, a correspondent of the 7z7zes reports, been 
trying to interest Mr. Pierpont Morgan ina plan whereby the 
Rhodes scholarship scheme should be made reciprocal, the same 
number of young Englishmen being educated at American uni- 
versities as Americans at Oxford. When he landed at New 
York on August 20, Mr. Parkin said :—‘‘I think it would be a 
most splendid thing for some liberal American, or several 
Americans, to endow in some of your great colleges scholar- 
ships for the benefit of English youths similar to those founded 
by the bequest of Mr. Rhodes for the young men of America 
at Oxford.” The same idea was put forward in several American 
papers when the terms of Mr. Rhodes’s will were announced. 
THE Childhood Society was founded some five years ago by 
the late Sir Douglas Galton, and, as its fifth annual report 
shows, it continues to grow in importance and usefulness, The 
objects of the Society are to promote the study of educational 
methods and of the environment of children during school life, 
with a view to discover the conditions best suited to ensure the 
healthy mental and physical development of normal children, 
and those best adapted to the peculiar needs of the mentally 
feeble and otherwise abnormal children. For the first time, the 
council of the Society has printed and issued the lectures and 
papers delivered at its meetings in book form, under the title of 
‘‘Volume I. of the Transactions of the Childhood Society,” 
A glance through the list of the Society’s officers for the current 
year reveals a desirable cooperation between medical men and 
professional educationists which cannot fail to result in an im- 
provement in the structure and equipment of schools as well as 
in the less material conditions of the class room. 
A RECENT return printed by the order of the House of Com- 
mons, tabulating the sums applied by local authorities to the 
purposes of technical education, shows that the total amount 
expended on technical education in England and Wales during 
1900-I was 1,051,422/., but this does not include sums 
allocated to intermediate and technical education under the 
Welsh Intermediate Education Act. The total amount of 
