488 
Gutehoffnungshiitte at Oberhausen, and the Vulcan steelworks 
at Duisburg. In each case the members were received with 
great cordiality and with lavish hospitality. Visits to the 
exhibition under expert guidance were also organised, and 
numerous works in Diisseldorf were thrown open to members. 
The social functions in connection with the meeting included a 
conversazione given by the Mayor and Corporation on 
September 3, a banquet on September 4, at which seven 
hundred ladies and gentlemen were present, a firework display 
in honour of the Institute at the exhibition on September 5, and 
an excursion on September 6 to the Kaiser bridge at Miingsten 
and to the hanging railway at Elberfeld. For the ladies accom- 
panying the members a programme of excursions was organised 
by a committee of Diisseldorf ladies. At the conclusion of the 
meeting there were supplementary excursions to the Peine and 
Ilsede ironworks, and to the steelworks near Saarbriicken and 
Luxemburg. Altogether the meeting was one of the most 
attractive and successful recorded in the history of the Institute. 
It was announced that the next president of the Institute will be 
Mr. Andrew Carnegie, vice-president, who will come into office 
in May next, 
UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 
INTELLIGENCE. 
ATTENTION has already been directed in these columns 
(vol. Ixv. No. 1679, p. 216) to the statistics collected by the 
council of the Association of Technical Institutions comparing 
the number of day students of fifteen years of age and upwards 
who are taking complete day technological courses of not less 
than twenty hours a week in Great Britain and Ireland, with 
the number of students of a similar kind in the German technical 
high schools. The German Ambassador has since supplied the 
council of the Association of Technical Institutions with 
additional statistics in regard to technical high schools in the 
German Empire. The conditions of entry to the German 
schools are such that they very rarely contain any students under 
eighteen years of age. The additional information now avail- 
able shows that the number of matriculated students in German 
technical high schools, of the age and status described, in each 
of the following branches of technology is :—Agriculture, 42 ; 
architecture, 1440; civil engineering, 2257 ; mechanical and 
electrical engineering, 5503; naval architecture and marine 
engineering, 318; chemistry and metallurgy, 1180; general 
knowledge, 280; and forestry, 12. These numbers do not 
include 1390 students in the above subjects attending institu- 
tions at Brunswick and Stuttgart. The figures give a total of 
12,422 students, and if in addition non-matriculated students 
are counted, the total reaches 15,442. It is especially note- 
worthy that 935 of the matriculated students enumerated have 
each attended for more than four years. When referring to this 
subject on the previous occasion, it was pointed out that the 
total number of students in Great Britain and Ireland above 
fifteen years of age taking complete day technological courses 
of not less than twenty hours a week is 3873, and only 
113 of these have attended more than three full years. 
WE have received a syllabus of the courses on electrochemistry 
and electrometallurgy to be held at Owens College, Manchester, 
during the coming session. In addition to the general theor- 
etical and practical courses, Mr. R. S. Hutton will give a series 
of six lectures on electrometallurgy on Saturday afternoons, and 
also a special electrochemical course on Monday evenings. The 
electrochemical laboratory, which is part of the new physical 
laboratories opened two years ago, is very well equipped with 
power and apparatus for all kinds of electrochemical and electro- 
metallurgical work, possessing two 600-ampere furnaces of the 
Moissan type. Probably no other technical college in the 
country can boast of such facilities, and Manchester is to be 
congratulated on moving with the times and making adequate 
provision for the study of a much-neglected but highly impor- 
tant branch of science. 
SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES. 
LONDON. 
Royal Society, June 
an Anzesthetic.” By A. Vernon Harcourt, M.A. 
“The Seed-fungus of Lodéem temulentum, L., the Darnel.” 
By E. M. Freeman, M.S. 
NO. 1715, VOL. 66] 
NATURE 
| accords. 
Royz 19.—‘*‘On Two Methods for the | 
Limitation and Regulation of Chloroform when administered as | 
[SEPTEMBER II, 1902 
PARIs. 
Academy of Sciences, September 1.—M. Bouquet de la 
Grye in the chair.—On the eruption of Martinique, by MM. A. 
Lacroix, Rollet de l’Isle and Giraud. A short summary of the 
results obtained by the commission sent out by the Academy to 
study the effects of the eruption. A single measurement of the 
height of Mont Pelée showed that its height had not appreciably 
changed, so that the summit of the mountain has not been 
completely blown away, as was at first conjectured. No new 
crater appears to have been formed, although numerous fissures 
have opened. Volcanic eruptions are usually characterised by 
two classes of phenomena, the explosive evolution of gases with 
solid or fused siliceous materials, carried to a very high tempera- 
ture, and the outflow of similar fused siliceous materials in 
mass. The present eruption is characterised by the total 
absence of this latter phenomenon, the so-called lava streams 
described by eye-witnesses consisting in reality of torrents of 
boiling mud, with large masses of moving rock. No actual 
flames have been observed by the members of the commission, 
the only certain fact about the constitution of the gases evolved 
being the presence of steam and sulphur dioxide, the latter 
being in great abundance as indicated by its suffocating odour. 
Fumerolles are very abundant, and it is owing to the presence 
of these that the rivers undergo violent fluctuations of tempera- 
ture. Observations were also made of the topographical 
changes, variations in the depth of the sea near the coast line, 
together with electrical, magnetic and meteorological observa- 
tions.—On entire and quasi-entire functions and differential 
equations, by M. Edmond Maillet.—On differential equations of 
the second order with fixed critical points, by M. R. Liouville. 
| —The electrolysis of mixtures of salts, by M. Anatole Leduc. 
The presence of metallic impurities such as are likely to be pre- 
sent in commercial silver has no practical effect upon the electro- 
chemical equivalent of silver.—The classification of binary 
Specific consonances and dissonances, by M. A. 
Guillemin.—The action of soluble ferments and of high yeast 
upon gentiobiose. Remarks on the constitution of gentiobiose, 
by MM. Ed. Bourquelot and H. Hérissey.—On the proteolytic 
action of snake venom, by M. L. Launoy.—On the difficulty of 
isolating the Bacterzum col in colonial dysentery, by M. Lesage. 
—The preventive treatment of scab, and on the use of an 
anti-scab serum, by M. F. J. Bosc.—The physical, chemical 
and practical results of the concentration of wine, by M. F. 
Garrigou. 
CONTENTS. PAGE 
Triangulation of South Africa. By Major C. F, 
Close < o 0 oem Pesce  S7 
Witality, ..... 457 
Our Book Shelf :— 
Henderson and Woodhull: ‘‘ Elements of Physics” ; 
Woodbull and van Arsdale: ‘* Physical Experi- 
ments.’ —A. W. Pl Ses ae aoe 458 
Colman: ‘‘ Types of British Plants” 458 
Mason : ‘‘ Water-Supply”’ . 458 
Letters to the Editor :— 
Science in the Public Schools.—Rev. Dr. A. Irving 459 
Animal Intelligence. —L. C. Hurt . . eee a 2) 
Variation of Common Copper Butterfy.—Ph. T. . . 459 
Some Scientific Centres. V.—The Chemical Labora- 
tory of the Royal Institution. (Z//ustrated.) . ... . 460 
The Belfast Meeting of the British Association . 462 
Inaugural Address by Prof. James Dewar, M.A., 
LL.D., D.Sc., F.R.S,, President of the Associa- 
tion . : ee , 5 ie aps eee OD 
Section A.—Mathematics and Physics. —Opening 
Address by Prof. John Purser, M.A., LL.D., 
M.R.I.A., President of the Section. . ..... 478 
Notes. (Z/Justrated.). . . Ln See Sheets a eEEEIOR: 
Our Astronomical Column :— 
Observations of Variable Stars of Long Period 486 
iuentick Photographs... -) emenen steams iaeiee 487 
The Dark Spot on Jupiter . 487 
The Iron and Steel Institute aes 487 
| University and Educational Intelligence 488 
Societies and Academies 488 
