24c 



NA TURE 



[July 6, i\ 



the principle of the Topltr air-pump, but with several alterations 

 to facilitate the working. — Dr. Braun exhibited a somewhat 

 modified Huyghens barometer, which had, both at the upper 

 and at the lower meniscus of mercury, points for exact measure- 

 ment, and which served to measure not only the variations, but 

 also the amount of the air pressure. — Dr. Kaiser showed a 

 moment-shutter for instantaneous photographs, in which, on 

 pressing a small capsule with the hand, two pendant valves 

 before the aperture are raised, and meet one over the other. 

 The time during which the light can penetrate by the aperture 

 into the apparatus, is l-20th second. By a simple replacement 

 in the apparatus, the mechanism can be so altered, that the light 

 coming from above — that of the sky and clouds— acts a much 

 shorter time than that from other objects, so that, with i-20th 

 second of illumination, the exposure for the sky is not excessive. — 

 Prof. Neesen remarked, a propos of a former communication by 

 Dr. Thiesen, on the deflection of projectiles, that in the case of 

 the best German guns, this deflection amounts to one degree ; 

 thus, with a distance of 3000 metres, it is about 128 metres a 

 value which cannot be explained by the hypothesis of Dr. 

 Thiesen. — The next meeting of the Society takes place after the 

 holidays, on October 20. 



Vienna 

 Imperial Academy of Sciences, June 9. — E. Mach, on 



A. Guebhard's statement on equipotential curves. — L. Boltz- 

 mann, on the theory of gas diffusion. — E. Heller and C. Delia- 

 Torre, on the distribution of the fauna in the hi^h mountains of 

 Tyrol. — E. Kathay, Researches on the spermagonia of the 

 /Ecidiiimycetes. — K. Andreasch, on mixed alloxantins. — On 

 cyamidomalonic acid, by the same. — On dimethylglyoxylcarba- 

 niide, a product of reduction of Cholestrophaene, by the same. — 

 W. Psjheidl, on determination of the coefficient of elasticity by 

 bending of a rod. — G. Schmidt, on analogies. — C. Braun, a 

 sealed packet, with the inscription, some suggestions to the 

 technics and praxis of astronomical instruments. — L. Psjeczolka, 

 a sealed packet with the inscription, on the action of silicon on 

 carbonic oxide in the recarburation in the Siemens-Martin pro- 

 cess. — C. Natterer, on monochloraldehyde. — E. Lecher, on the 

 absorption of radiant heat by steam of water and carbonic acid. 

 — V. Uhlig, on the cephalopoda fauna of the strata of Werns- 

 dorf. — On the strata of Wemsdorf and their equivalents, by the 

 same. 



June 15. — K. Fulkowsky, on the constituents of corallin. — 



B. Brauner, contributiou to the chemistry of the cerite metals. — 

 E. v. Haerdtl, computation of the orbit of the planet Adiia. 



June 22. — Ph. Knoll, contributions to the theory of respiratory 

 innervation (part 2) ; on respiration with artificial stimulation of 

 the cervical part of vagus. — G. Stach, on the fossils collected in 

 the Western Sahara, by O. Lenz during his journey to Timbuctu. 

 They belong all to the carboniferous, and show analogies with the 

 fossils of the Belgian limestone. — F. Steindachner, ichthyological 

 contributions (part 12) on a new Ezemias species, E. Holulri, 

 from the valley of the Limpopo River (Transvaal). — Th. 

 Weinzvveig, on the anatomy of laryngeal nerves. 



Paris 

 Academy of Sciences, June 26. — M. Jamin in the chair. — 

 The president reported on the presentation of a commemoration 

 medal to M. Pasteur on June 25, by a committee of friends and 

 admirer-. M. Dumas' address and M. Pasteur's reply 

 in Comptei rendus. — A telegram from the Emperor of Brazil 

 stated that comet Wells was visible on the 17th (June). On the 

 20th the tail measured 45°, and the nucleus was very bright. — 

 On the reciprocal displacements of acids combined with oxide of 

 mercury, by M. Berthelot. — Note on the preparatory works of 

 the submarine railway between France and England, and on the 

 ■ I conditions under which they are executed, by M. 

 Daubree. — On debris of mammoth found in the heart of Paris, 

 by M. 1 randry. The locality is in the Rue Pagevin, the founda- 

 tions of the new Hotel des Postes. M. Gaudry showed a molar. 

 Sine- Cuvier's time numerous remains of large quaternary mam- 

 mals have been found in Paris, and human remains contemporary 

 with the mammoth. — Mobile tableau of the different attitudes of 

 the horse in any pace, by M. Marey. He describes a device of 

 M. Cuyer, in which a jointed figure of a horse is fixed on a 

 board; the hoofs are painted different colours; and placed 

 on corresponding coloured and numbered spaces on sheets 

 of paste-board, so that different phases of a pace can be 

 represented. Direction is also given in placing the head, 

 neck, body, and tail. — Action of low temperatures on the 

 vitality of trichinae in meat, by MM. Bouley and Gibier. 



Exposure of meat to a temperature of - 20" and even 

 - 15° is sufficient to kill the trichinae in it. — On the second 

 comet of the year 1784, by M. Gylden. — On the photographic 

 spectrum of Comet I, 1882 (Wells), by Dr. Huggins.— On 

 Laminarit/z Lagrangei, Sap. and Mar., by M. de Saporta. — 

 Experimental study of the conditions that allow of rendering 

 usual the employment of the method of M. Toussaint for weak- 

 ening the virus of charbon and vaccinating animal species subject 

 to splenic fever, by M. Chauveau. Heating (according to certain 

 rules) blood infected with bacteria, makes it a vaccinating liquid 

 quite as sure as that of M. Pasteur. The temperature 43°-44° 

 suffices. In an hour enough vaccine matter for 500 sheep can be 

 prepared from one guinea-pig. — M. Lallemand was elected Cor- 

 respondent in Thysics in room of the late M. Billet. — On Eu- 

 lerian integrals, by M. Tannery. — On Abelian functions, by M. 

 Appell. — On the reduction of Abelian integrals to elliptic 

 integrals, by M. Picard. — On the perforating machine of Col. 

 Beaumont employed on the submarine railway, by M. Duval. — 

 On the employment of zinc-carbon couples in electrolytes, by 

 M. Tommasi. A reply to M. Berthelot. — On silicium, by MM. 

 Schiitzenberger and Colson. Platinum plate or wire, heated 

 to a white red within a thick layer of non-siliciferous lamp- 

 black, gains weight, and has its fusibility increased, through 

 fixation of silicium, which can only have come from the crucible. 

 From various experiments, the authors infer that nitrogen, and 

 probably also oxygen, have a role in the transport of silicium. — 

 Action of bimolybdate of potash on some oxides ; production 

 of corundum and specular iron ore, by M. Parmentier. — Action 

 of sulphuretted hydrogen on sulphate of nickel in acetic solution, 

 by M. Baubigny. — On the supposed compound NH S , by M. 

 Combes. Having repeated M. Maumene's experiments, he gets 

 only ammonia and carbonic acid. — Ondidymium, byM. Brauner. 

 — Action of oxygenated water on the red colouring matter of 

 blood and on hematosin, by M. Bechamp. Hemoglobin and 

 hematosin behave, in contact with oxygenated water, asoxidable 

 bodies. The blood contains two causes of decomposition as 

 regards oxygenated water, viz. microzymas and hemoglobin. — 

 On gastric juice, by M. Chapoteaut. Pepsine seems to him to 

 be a combination of an albuminoid matter with an organic acid ; 

 (he hopes to prove this shortly). — On the differentiation of pro- 

 toplasm in the nerve-fibres of Unionides, by M. Chatin. — On 

 the sexual organs of Ciena intcstinalis, by M. Roule. — The eye 

 of Proteus, by M. Desfosses. It has retinal development, but 

 no crystalline lens, nor any refractive organ ; thus it cannot be 

 compared with the eye of any vertebrate. — New example of 

 alternating generations ; cecidium of creeping Ranunculus [GEc. 

 Ranuncuacearum (pro parte)] and Puccinia of roses [Puccinia 

 arundi/iaeea, Dc), by M. Cornu. — On the disease of saffrons 

 called "Death," byM. Prillieux. — On the petioles of Aletho- 

 pteris, by M. Renault. — On the marine carboniferous of Upper 

 Alsace ; discovery of its relations with the culm or the plant 

 carboniferous, by MM. Bleicher and Mieg. 



CONTENTS p AGE 



Clifford's Mathematical Papers. By Prof. G. Chkvstal . . 217 

 Our Book Shelf:— 



Otter's "Winters Abroad" 219 



Casey's " Sequel to the First Six Books of the Elements of 



Euclid" 2ly 



Mocenigo's " I! Telefono, il Microfono, la Bussola, Instrument! 



Rivelttori delle variazioni atmosferiche " 2flo 



An Observatory for Auroras. — Sophi/s Tromholt 220 



Hydrophobia and Snake-bite. — Arthur Stradling 221 



I lie Rainfall of the Globe.— VV. J. Black 222 



The Recent Unseasonable Weather — David Cunningham . . . 222 

 Is the Axis of a Cyclone Vertical? — J. A. Westwood Oliver ; E. 



Douglas Archibald 222 



The 'transit of Venus in New South Wales, &c 223 



Solar Parallax from Observations of Minor Planets 223 



Comet 1882.1 (Wells) 223 



Education in the United States 223 



Malavo-Polvnesian Linguistics. By A. H. Keane 225 



The Solak-Commekcial Cycle. By W. Stanley Jevons, F.R.S. 



{With Ckarf) =26 



Conventional Rbpbesentation of the Horse in Motion. By 



Francis Galton. F.R.S. (With Illustrations) 228 



The Channel Tunnel 229 



Notes 229 



1 mst [button of Awakds, Normal School of Science and Royal 



Si m.u.i ..ip Mines 232 



Dunsink Observatory. By Robert S. Ball, F.R.S., Astronomer 



Royal for Ireland 236 



Science in Bohemia 237 



India-rubber Plants 237 



University and Educational Intelligence 23 



Societies and Academies _ 23 R 



