Sept. 28, 1882] 



NA TURE 



543 



hence at first sight it might appear that the new form was but an 

 immature state. Mr. Chilton, however, states that he has 

 examined altogether twenty live specimens, ncne of which 

 seemed otherwise to have anything immature about them, and 

 these were obtained at various times from January to October, 

 1881, he would, therefore, refer the absence of the seventh pair 

 of appendages to an arrest of development. In some respects 

 the new genus resembles Paranthura of Spence Bate. The new 

 species is called C. fontanus. The Aruphipods found with this 

 Isopod are Cragonyx compactus, sp. hot., Calliope subterraneu, 

 sp. now, and Gammarus fragilis, sp. nov., all without eyes. The 

 new species are all figured, and at great length described. 



GEOGRAPHICAL NOTES 

 Mr. Stanley has returned to Europe, after an absence of 

 between three and four years, during most of which time he has 

 been on the Lower Congo. From the station which he esta- 

 blished at Vivi, below the Yellala Falls, his object was to make a 

 road past the long line of cataracts, about 150 miles, to Stanley 

 Pool. Much of the road has, we understand, been constructed, 

 and five stations have been established. Mr. Stanley himself 

 has been 300 miles into the interior, with what results to science 

 remains to be seen. Meantime the French are diligently ex- 

 ploring the region lying between the Lower Congo and the 

 Ogove, and have already done much to clear up its hydro- 

 graphy. 



Baron Nordenskjold has under consideration an expedi- 

 tion to the Arctic next summer, and is engaged, in company 

 with Mr. William Schonlanck, of Berlin, a gentlemen much 

 interested in geographical discovery, who is at present visiting 

 Stockholm, as to the detailed arrangements of the same. 



The Swedish Geological Expedition returned from Spitz- 

 bergen to Tromsb in the yacht Bojna on the 16th inst. It was 

 found impossible to land at Beeren Island, as intended, owing 

 to tremendous seas. 



We regret to hear of the death of Mr. Krarup Smith, who 

 has, since 1867, been Inspector of the Northern Dis'ricts in 

 Danish Greenland. During the past winter he suffered from 

 constant sleeplessness, and he expired somewhat suddenly on 

 May 28, aged forty-nine. Every traveller who has passed any 

 time at Godhavn during the last fifteen years has spoken of the 

 kindness and attention of Mr. Smith and his wife. He ren- 

 dered important services to various Arctic expeditions, and freely 

 placed his house and resources at the disposal of scientific 

 workers — Nares, Markham, Hayes, Pavy, Whymper, Nor- 

 denskjold, Steenstrup, and many others of various nationalities 

 have experienced their hospitality or received their assistance. 

 Although Inspector Smith was not of a robust constitution, he 

 travelled extensively by boat and sledge in summer and winter 

 throughout the Inspectorate, which extends over more than five 

 depress of latitude, and took much interest in the welfare of the 

 natives, who sustain a real loss by his lamented death. 



The range of the changes of level in the rivers of Russia in 

 Europe has become, since 1876, the subject of accurate measure- 

 ments, and M. Tillo has just published in the Russian Nautical 

 Review (Morskoy Sbornik) an interesting paper on this subject, 

 being the result of measurements made at eighty different places. 

 The highest range is reached by the Oka at Kaluga, the difference 

 between the highest and lowest levels being as much as 45 feet ; 

 the average range for the same river from its source to its mouth 

 being 32^2 feet ; the average for the Volga from its source to its 

 mouth is 33'6 feet, 3CI feet for the Kama, 25^2 for the Duna, 

 and 23"i for the Don. For all other rivers the range is less than 

 20 feet. Of course this range diminishes very much towards the 

 mouth of each river ; but still it reaches 12 feet for the Volga at 

 Astrakhan, and 9 feet for the Duna at Riga. The highest range 

 observed in the lakes of Northern Russia was only 2'i feet. A 

 map prepared by M. Tillo shows the distribution of hydro- 

 metrical stations on Russian rivers, their numbers having been 

 increased in 1880 to 341 stations. 



We regret to learn that the Neptune, which was chartered by 

 the American Government to take supplies to the Greely Scien- 

 tific Expedition, in Lady Franklin Bay, in Si* N., has returned 

 to St. John's, Newfoundland, and reports being unable to get 

 further north than 79 "20, owing to an impenetrable barrier of 

 ice. She, however, landed supplies at several ports. From the 

 precautions which have been taken there is, we believe, no 



danger of the U.S. Polar observing party being in straits for 

 want of food. The fact of the Neptune being unable to get 

 north, combined with the news of the early imprisonment of 

 Lieut. Hovgaard's expedition on the coast of Novaya Zemlya, 

 seems to indicate an exceptionally early and severe Arctic 

 winter. 



IN the last number (fasc. 3 tome 7) of the Bulletin of the 

 Antwerp Geographical Society will be found an interesting dis- 

 cussion on the subject of geographical orthography, and the pre- 

 paration of maps generally. The president took objection to 

 the distinction made by the Commission to consider the subject 

 between scientific maps and maps for common use. He recog- 

 nised, he said, only one kind of maps, and that was good maps, 

 which indeed might be made to bring into prominence certain 

 features for special purposes. All maps should be constructed 

 on rigidly scientific principles, most of all those for common and 

 school use. 



UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 

 INTELLIGENCE 



At King's College, London, Prof. W. Grylls Adams, F.R.S., 

 will deliver a course of lectures on Electricity during the ensuing 

 session. A course of practical work in electrical testing and 

 measurement with especial reference to electrical engineering 

 will also lie carried on under his direction in the Wheatstone 

 Laboratory. The lectures will be given once a week on Thurs- 

 day, at 2 p.m., and the laboratory will be open daily (Saturday 

 excepted) from I to 4. 



At Owens College Prof. Arthur Schuster, assisted by Mr. W. 

 Haldane Gee, will give a theoretical and practical course on 

 the modern applications of electricity one evening a week during 

 next winter. Beginnirg with the ordinary electrical measure- 

 ments it is intended to include the usual tests of terrestrial and 

 submarine telegraphy, the construction of telephones, electro- 

 dynamo machines, and all measurements connected with electric 

 lighting. 



The Calendar of Yorkshire College for the ninth Session has 

 just been issued. In addition to the usual information, we note 

 that Prof. Rucker, who has secured a new assistant-lecturer in 

 the person of Mr. C. Spurge, B.A.. of Cambridge, proposes 

 some additional work in his Senior Mathematical Class, and, 

 what is of more importance, to add a Third Year Course in the 

 department of Physics. The lectures and laboratories in the 

 Chemical, Geological, and Biological departments, under Pro- 

 fessors Thorpe, Green, and Miall respectively, as well as the 

 classes generally, are to be continued as in last session. In the 

 Textile Industries Department Mr. Beaumont has added a third 

 year's course for such of his students as require it. In the Coal- 

 Mining Department the recent alterations in the curriculum w 11 

 come into full operation at the beginning of this next sessio' . 

 The course is in future to occupy two years, and will include 

 lectures by the Professors of Chemistry and Geology, as well as 

 instruction in practical coalmining by Mr. A. Lupton. A boon 

 to science teachers has been granted in the shape of Assisted 

 Studentships, under which a teacher may work in the college 

 laboratories on payment of one-fourth of the fees, Government 

 paying the other three-fourths. We may add that the Yorkshire 

 College has, at the present time, about 700/. a year to distribute 

 in scholarships. 



The Marquess of Ripon, Viceroy of India, in a letter ex- 

 pressing his warm approval of the decision of the Council of the 

 Yorkshire College, Leeds, to raise a memorial to the first 

 president, the late Lord Cavendish, in the form of a Professor- 

 ship of experimental physics, announces his intention of 

 subscribing 500/. to the fund, which now amounts to 3000/. 



From the Calendar of University College, Nottingham, we 

 see that the teaching staff is well filled up, nearly all branches 

 of a really liberal education being represented. From the inte- 

 resting statistics given, it is evident that the institution is very 

 largely taken advantage of. The Calendar gives an account of 

 the origin of the College. 



The Winter Session of 1SS2-83 of the London School of 

 Medicine for Women (30, Henrietta Stree', Brunswick Square) 

 will open Monday, October 2. Courses of lectures will be 

 given at the school on Anatomy, Chemistry, Physiology, Practice 

 of Medicine, and Practice of Surgery. A course of I 'radical 

 Anatomy, with demonstrations, will also be held. Lectures on 



