on the life-histories of such as Fasciolopsis 
buski, Heterophyes, Ascaris, and Strongyloides were 
_ detailed. In entomology hy itism and_ its 
possible applications, Stom as the transmitter 
of North African trypanosomiasis, the réle of Trom- 
_bidium akamushi in river fever in Japan, and the 
part played by various ticks in a peculiar: form of 
: motor paralysis in America were among the 
topics discussed. In conclusion, some of the socio- 
cal applications of parasitology were mentioned, 
the need of more provision for research work 
vas emphasised. 
. The esi address to Section E, by Senator 
A. W. Roberts, related to “ Certain Aspects of the 



































Native Question.” The changes in national life 
and in the mental attitude of the native, due 
to gradual disappearance of the old tribal system, 
rere discussed. The growing desire for individual 
‘possessions and the movement among the younger 
generation of Bantus for racial solidarity were 
considered as natural steps in the evolution of a 
; The immigration of the native into industrial 
as, the change in habit and in outlook, the bad 
ires of location life, and the need for proper 
education was traced, and it was shown that the 
‘System in vogue at present had served its purpose. 
New ideals in native education should be in the 
riculture, and village and home industries. The 
rinciples of good citizenship need impressing on the 
tive as well as on the white. The extension of 
ortunities of work for educated natives and their 
ling regarding their present economic limita- 
tions were discussed. The political future of the 
native and the extension to other areas of the 
System successful in the Transkei were considered. 
Mutual understanding between white and native 
4 The presidential address of Dr. J. Marius Moll to 
section F was entitled ‘‘ Certain Mental Disorders 
which may be regarded as Preventable.’’ Mental 
lisorders were considered in two groups—the “ in- 
oxication '’ psychoses caused by a poison in the 
wide sense and producing changes in the brain, and 
* germ” or “functional ” ychoses where no 
ausative poison occurs, no microscopic alterations, 
and no dementia. The intoxication psychoses due 
© other illnesses, e.g. enteric, were briefly noted. 
Al lcoholic insanity, with its great danger of recurrences, 
considered. In the case of inmates of native 
mtal hospitals in South Africa, dagga (Cannabis 
a) may be an important etiological factor. 
is is decreasing in South Africa. Malaria is 
only a factor in some cases of insanity but also 
tual retardation and enfeeblement in the 
y. Dementia precox is serious, 21 per cent. 
_the admissions to mental hospitals in the Union 
eing due to this. The work on internal secretions 
md on psychopathology was mentioned, In the 
rm asa the 0 pit of the patient is the 
nain tor. The réle of sex-complexes was shown 
D have been overrated by Freud and some of his 
ollowers. The reciprocal reaction between the 
onality and the circumstances of a patient had 
fo be reckoned with. The need for study and adop- 
Hon of the principles of mental hygiene was urged. 
Heredity was a serious factor in insanity. If segrega- 
tion and non-propagation of the mentally unfit 
were enforced the future incidence of this condition 
would decrease by 50 per cent. 
__ It is only possible to notice some of the interesting 
; pers read before the various sections. Nearly 
half of the papers were contributed to Section D. 
ie —CNO. «2770, VOL. 111] 
hous were emphasised. The history of native | 
ection of material progress, better means of ; 

In Section A a useful paper was read by Mr. R. H. 
Fox on the waterworks department of the Antofa- 
gasta (Chile) and Bolivia Railway Company. 
In Section B, Mr. B. J. Smit contributed a paper 
on his investigations of different methods of testing 
Babcock milk - bottles ; the volumetric method was 
preferred. Mr. C, O. Williams continued his account 
of experiments on the chemical control of cattle- 
dipping tanks ; the addition of coal-tar disinfectants 
to arsenical dips was uneconomical. Dr. P. A. 
Wagner described various specimens of Descloizite 
from South-West Africa. 
In Section C, Prof. G. Potts continued his account 
of experiments on the pollen of the pepper tree as a 
cause of hay fever in Bloemfontein. Prof. J. W. 
Bews and Mr. R. D. Aitken discussed the measure- 
ment of the hydrogen ion concentration in South 
African soils in relation to plant distribution. Mr. 
Aitken also described the effect of slope exposure on 
the climate and vegetation of a hill near Maritzburg. 
Mr. A. J. Taylor dealt with the composition of some 
indigenous grasses both from the chemical and the 
botanical aspects. The economic values of the 
grasses were indicated. 
In Section D, Mr. J. Sandground read a short 
paper on Aphelenchus phyllophagus, parasitic in 
chrysanthemums, noting its effects in South Africa. 
Prof. E. H. Cluver dealt with the effect of temperature 
on the rate of growth in young animals; the greatest 
increase in weight occurred during the cooler months. 
Mr. A. D. Stammers described keratomalacia among 
rats suffering from deficiency of vitamin A. Dr. 
C. P. Neser sent an interesting paper on the blood 
of equines. Prof. E. Warren described and illustrated 
the early stages of development of the non-aquatic 
tadpole of Anhydrophryne ratirayi ; predetermination 
of sex occurred in the eggs. Prof. J. E. Duerden 
discussed old and new views on the origin of feathers 
from scales. Prof. Duerden and Mr. R. Essex 
described the degeneration of limbs in species of 
Chamesauran lizards. Prof. Duerden and Mr. V. 
FitzSimons recorded a series of variations found by 
them in the tenth rib of the penguin. Dr. F. G. 
Cawston described and exhibited specimens of 
Mollusca from lagoons in Natal. Prof. H. B. Fantham 
continued his account of some parasitic Protozoa 
found in South Africa, noting the occurrence of 
herpetomonads in cabbage plants. Prof. Fantham 
and Miss E. Taylor described the continuation of 
their researches on Protozoa found in some South 
African soils. Mr. C. B. Hardenberg discussed 
economic entomology in Mogambique. Dr. L. Soro- 
menho described, from the hygienic point of view, 
various native wines and spirits made in Mogambique. 
Dr. M. M. Prates presented a contribution to the 
study of human parasitology in Mogambique, and 
he also described the various diseases of the eyes 
occurring there. Mr. J. Hewitt discussed ancient 
southern land connexions of Africa. The section 
considered favourably a draft bill for the establish- 
ment of a national park and game reserve under 
the direct control of the Union Government. 
In Section E, Rev. C, Pettman contributed further 
remarks on Hottentot place-names. Rev. H. L. 
Bishop read interesting papers on Si Ronga proverbs 
and folklore and on the descriptive complement in 
Si Ronga. Madame V. Gomes discussed the N and 
L intervocalic in archaic Portuguese. Prof. W. A. 
Norton dealt with Dr. Theal’s historical work on 
South-East Africa, and pleaded for a continuance 
of such work. He also exhibited a glossographic 
map of South Africa. 
In Section F, Mr. C. G, Botha illustrated the early 
history of the Cape Province by a consideration of 
