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FEBRUARY I0, 1923] 
NATURE 
205 

Dr. RAFFAELE IssEL, son of the late Prof. Arturo 
Issel, the geologist, has been appointed professor of 
zoology in the University of Genoa. 
In the course of the annual dinner of the Honour- 
able Society of Cymmrodorion on January 19, at 
which the nce of Wales was the chief guest, Mr. 
Dan Radcliffe promised, in honour of His Royal 
Highness, to give 50,o00/. for the benefit of the 
University of Wales. 
TueE Sydney correspondent of the Chemical Trade 
Journal writes that the secretary of the Victorian 
Chamber of Manufactures has informed the registrar 
of the University of Melbourne that the sum of 
1500/. per annum for ten years has been contributed 
for the University funds “ for the purpose of assisting 
in providing and maintaining professional chairs 
associated with arts and sciences which have relation 
to industries and production.” 
In connexion with Battersea Polytechnic, Tate 
scholarships in engineering, science, and domestic 
science are being offered for competition in June next. 
' The scholarships vary in value from 2o0/. to 30/. per 
annum, with free tuition, and are tenable for two or 
three years. The latest day for the receipt of applica- 
tions is April 21. Further particulars are obtainable 
from the principal. 
“Tue continued neglect of science as a part of 
general education in schools”’ is lamented by the 
advisory committee on the textile industries and 
colour chemistry departments of the University of 
Leeds in a report for the year 1921-22. They are 
able, nevertheless, to congratulate these departments 
on being permeated as never before by the spirit of 
research. An illustrated account of one of their 
investigations—into the ancestry of the Suffolk Down 
sheep—appeared early last year in NATURE (vol. 109, 
Pp. 595). The number of students, though smaller 
than in the preceding year, was still large: day 
students 277, evening 131. More than 80 per cent. 
of students who completed their course in the depart- 
ment of colour chemistry and dyeing last session 
obtained either positions in factories or research 
scholarships; there is evidence of an increasing 
tendency for large manufacturing firms to engage only 
those students of the department who have obtained 
in addition to the honours degree some experience of 
research in pure science. 
_ A usEFuL “ Record of Educational Publications ” 
is issued from time to time by the United States 
Bureau of Education. Those of May and September 
1922 (Bulletins 21 and 33, 5 cents each) covering a 
riod of about 8 months, contain some 800 titles of 
ks and articles classified under such headings as : 
educational history, current educational conditions, 
educational theory and practice, educational psy- 
chology, psychological tests, etc. In many cases a 
brief synopsis of the contents is given. Eleven books 
and pamphlets, containing 1300 pages, and 50 maga- 
zine articles are devoted to the subject of intelligence 
tests, interest in which was greatly stimulated in 
America by theig utilisation during the war for 
recruiting purposes. Under the heading of higher 
education appear notices of two works by French 
exchange " professors, one being “‘ Universities and 
Scientific Life in the United States ’’ (Oxford Uni- 
versity Press), by M. Caullery, who was exchange 
rofessor of biology at Harvard, and one, “‘ Six mois 
a l’université Yale,”’ by A. Feuillerat, which appeared 
in the Revue des deux Mondes for February and 
March 1922. School Life announces that seven 
American universities have combined to finance an 
exchange between Prof. Jacques Cavalier of Toulouse 
and Prof. A. E. Kennedy of Harvard and the Massa- 
chusetts Institute of Technology. 
NO. 2780, VOL. 111] 
Societies and Academies. 
LONDON. 
Royal Society, February 1.—O. W. Richardson: 
The magnitude of the gyromagnetic ratio. The gyro- 
magnetic ratio has the value m/e instead of 2m/e, 
the value calculated on the turning electron orbit 
theory of magnetism of the Langevin type ; the dis- 
crepancy may be due to the rotation of the atomic 
nucleus. In iron it appears that the effective electron 
orbits possess altogether two quanta of angular 
momentum per atom and the nucleus a single quan- 
tum of angular momentum on this view.—Sir Richard 
Paget: The production of artificial vowel sounds. 
Plasticene resonators were used to imitate resonances 
heard by the writer in nis own voice when breathing 
various English sounds. The first models, made in 
rough imitation of the oral cavity, gave two double 
resonances. The models were tuned by appropriate 
alterations of form until they gave recognisable 
breathed vowel sounds when blown through a small 
orifice at the back. An artificial larynx was made by 
means of a rubber strip laid edgewise across a flattened 
tube, and, when blown through this larynx, the models 
gave recognisable voiced vowels. The oral cavity 
behaves in every case as two Helmholtz resonators in 
series, and the remaining vowel sounds were repro- 
duced by forming two separate resonators joined 
together in series, and made of such capacity and size 
of orifices as to allow for mutual reaction of resonators 
on their respective resonant pitch. Vowels may be 
produced by two resonators in series with a larynx 
between them, and a single tubularresonator may act as 
two resonators in series. Two resonators in parallel, 
blown by means of a single larynx with a bifurcated 
passage, produced vowel sounds indistinguishable 
from resonators in series—F. Simeon: The carbon 
arc spectrum in the extreme ultra-violet. The arc- 
spectrum of carbon gives lines in the Lyman region at 
1194, 945, 858, 687, 651, 640, 599, and 595, which have 
not been previously observed. They correspond with 
prominent lines in the “ hot-spark " spectrum studied 
by Millikan. Groups of lines have been found at 
1657, 1560, 1335, 1329, 1260, 1194, I175, 1036, and 
651, of which those at 1329, 1260, 1194, 1036, and 651 
do not seem to have been observed by any other 
worker, and that at 1657 has not been completely 
resolved heretofore.—J. Joly: Pleochroic haloes of 
various geological ages.—H. A. Wilson : The motion 
of electrons in gases.—H. Hartridge: The coincidence 
method for the wave-length measurement of absorp- 
tion bands. Measurements of the absorption bands 
of pigments by the ordinary spectroscope are in- 
accurate because of the breadth of the bands and the 
indefiniteness of their margins. The adjustment of 
two similar absorption bands into coincidence can 
be effected with considerable accuracy. Hf then a 
spectroscope is designed in which two spectra are seen 
side by side on looking down the eyepiece, but 
reversed in direction with one another, the measure- 
ment of the mean wave-length of the absorption 
bands can be accurately carried out. The quantita- 
tive estimation of pigments depends on the move- 
ment of the bands which occurs when the concentra- 
tion of one pigment changes. In measuring the 
percentage saturation of blood with carbon monoxide 
from the wave-length of the a-absorption band, the 
accuracy of measurement is approximately 0°7 / al Bf 
The probable error in setting two absorption bands 
into coincidence is little greater than that of setting 
two sharp black lines into coincidence, or of making 
one line bisect the area between two others.—A. 
Berry and Lorna M. Swain: On the steady motion of 
a cylinder through infinite viscous fluid. The so- 
