
_ X-ray measurements. 
Piao, We. int ee 
a disastrous effect on human tissue. 
_ Committee, under the chairmanship 
_ during any period of his active life. 
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Feprvary 24, 1923] 
NATURE 
263 

But the con- 
ditions of danger and the means of avoiding them were 
gradually ascertained, and recently, thanks to the 
recent work of the X-ray and Radium Protection 
of Sir Humphry 
Rolleston, president of the Royal College of Physicians, 
the necessary precautions have been widely circulated. 
In the light of a fuller knowledge the destructive 
effect of the rays has been turned to account by taking 
_ advantage of their selective action when applied to 
_ superficial and deep-seated growths in the tissue. 
The X-rays have also found extensive industrial 
application to detect flaws and impurities, and in many 
_ other directions. 
As already mentioned, the X-rays have proved of 
the greatest importance in recent developments of 
fundamental physics. We owe to them Moseley’s 
arrangement of the elements in the order of their 
_ atomic numbers, a quantity determined by the atomic 
nucleus. The wonderful results of Sir William Bragg 
and his son on crystalline structure rest wholly on 
Much of the work which under 
Sir J. J. Thomson and Sir Ernest Rutherford has made 
the Cavendish Laboratory world-famous has dealt 
with X-ray and kindred phenomena. 
At the close of Réntgen’s life, we may well pause 
to survey the goodly harvest that science has reaped 
from the event with which his name will be for ever 
associated. Hard on the heels of his discovery came 
that of the electron by J. J. Thomson and of radio- 
activity by Becquerel. The new chapter of physics 
which was thus unfolded has already had the most 
profound effect on everyday life. GW. Gok: 

Mr. BERNARD BOSANQUET. 
Mr. BERNARD BosANQueET, who died on February 8, 
after a short illness at his home at Hampstead, to which 
he had moved a few months ago, has occupied for more 
than a generation a foremost place in English intel- 
lectual life. For the last ten years his health has 
required him to refuse public engagements, but he 
continued to be as assiduous in literary productions as 
He was at work 
till the end, and we are told that he left an uncompleted 
book on his desk, of which, however, three chapters are 
' finished. The intended title was “ What is Mind ?” 
He was an ardent philosopher, who cared little for the 
brilliance of a speculation and nothing whatever for 
originality or ownership of ideas, but sought the truth 
concerning human life and the meaning of experience 
with an earnestness which seemed like the devotion of 
a religious mission. 
Born in 1848, Mr. Bosanquet was educated at Harrow 
and at Balliol College, Oxford, and after graduating 
spent ten years at Oxford as fellow and tutor of 
University College. In 1881 he came to London and 
threw himself ardently into the work of the Charity 
Organisation Society and the Ethical Society, and also 
lectured on ancient and modern philosophy for the 
University Extension centres in London. 
His “‘ Logic, or Morphology of Knowledge” is a 
classic. It was published in 1888, and carried out with 
systematic thoroughness the new principle of an inner 
activity of thought which had already found expression 
NO. 2782, VoL. III] 
‘large work was “ A History of Aisthetic” in 1892. 
| the Individual.” 
in Mr. F. H. Bradley’s polemic against the formalism 
and associationism of the empirical school. The next 
In 
1912-1913 were published the two volumes of Gifford 
Lectures, the first on “ The Principle of Individuality 
and Value,” the second on “ The Value and Destiny of 
It was in these lectures that he 
worked out his philosophical theory of the meaning of 
life. “This universe,” he said, borrowing a phrase 
from Keats, “is the vale of soul-making.” These 
volumes constitute one of the profoundest works of 
pure philosophy of the modern period. 
Mr. Bosanquet was a man of great personal charm. 
Dialectic, in the Socratic meaning, was the joy of life 
to him, but he was always sympathetic to the opposer, 
genuinely eager to understand his point of view, 
and always anxious to appreciate its value. Yet no 
one was firmer or more tenacious in argument. He 
never expounded any theory or defended any position 
unless his whole heart was in it, and unless he was con- 
vinced of its truth. 
Mr. Bosanquet kept himself fully abreast of all the 
intellectual movements of his time. He was thoroughly 
acquainted with the philosophical thought of Germany, 
and he was deeply interested in the new movement in 
Italian philosophy, the idealisms of Croce and Gentile, 
though dissenting from them on essential points. His 
knowledge of Italian was thorough, and only a few 
months ago he contributed an article in Italian to Prof. 
Gentile’s Giornale critico. He was not attracted by 
the modern French philosophy, which he could never 
come to regard as other than superficial. The reason 
for this, no doubt, was that the approach to philosophy 
through the problems of science, the fundamental 
questions of mathematics, physics and physiology, 
which is especially distinctive of French philosophy, 
seemed to him less important and less compelling than 
the ethical approach. 
Besides the important works mentioned, Mr. 
Bosanquet wrote numerous smaller books, many of 
striking originality and value ; of these we may mention 
“The Philosophical Theory of the State ’’ and two quite 
recent books, “‘ The Meeting of Extremes in Contem- 
porary Philosophy,” 1921, and “ Implication and Linear 
Inference,” 1920. 
For five years, 1903-1908, Mr. Bosanquet was pro- 
fessor of moral philosophy at St. Andrews. He was 
an original fellow of the British Academy, and was 
president of the Aristotelian Society from 1894 to 1898. 
He received the honorary degree of LL.D. from the 
University of Glasgow, and of D.C.L. from the Uni- 
versity of Durham. 
Mr Bosanquet married, in 1895, Miss Helen Dendy, a 
sister of Prof. Arthur Dendy, of King’s College, London. 
Mrs. Bosanquet served on the Royal Commission of 
Inquiry into the Poor Law. She is the translator of 
Sigwart’s “‘ Logic ” and the author of several books on 
social and economical questions. 

Dr. A. H. Fison. 
Tue staff of Guy’s had subscribed money for a wire- 
less installation to illustrate Dr. Alfred Henry Fison’s 
lectures, and for the use of the hospital in other ways. 
On February 1, when on the roof by himself, attaching 
