694 
NATURE 
[May 26, 1923 

scholarships and endowments of research. We cannot 
think of a better way of using these funds. We are 
asked also to say that the Association has a store of 
bronze medals, commemorative of Pasteur, which may 
be obtained for 54 francs from the Secretary, 6 rue de 
Messine, Paris. 
Dr. Calmette’s report of the work of the Institute 
during the War is well worth reading. He rightly 
makes much of the fact that the work of the Pasteur 
Institute was incessant and far-reaching in the years 
just after Pasteur’s death. ‘In less than a third ofa 
century, Pasteur’s teachings revolutionised medicine, 
surgery, veterinary science ; created entirely the science 
of hygiene for individuals and communities; gave a 
great impetus to colonisation, and enriched nations by 
the immense progress of agriculture and agricultural 
industries.” j 
The War suddenly strained all the energies of the 
Pasteur Institute. All those workers who were not 
above the age for active service were mobilised. The 
Institute, and its branches in Lille and Algiers, were 
requisitioned at once for the needs of the Army. The 
demand for protection against typhoid was soon 
followed by the demand for protection against tetanus. 
It took only a few days to use up the antitetanic serum— 
140,000 doses—which was in stock when the War began. 
Between August 1914 and the end of 1914 the Institute 
was able to provide more than six million doses of sera 
for France alone, partly for the Army, and partly for the 
Public Health service. During the German offensive 
of March-April 1918, the Institute was providing a 
vast daily supply of antitetanic serum. It is worth 
noting that the Institute also provided, in the course of 
the War, as many as 1,200,000 doses of mallein for the 
protection of army horses against glanders. Beside 
all the work which was done for the Army in France, we 
have to take into account a vast amount of work done 
for other countries—Italy, Serbia, Rumania, Belgium. 
Moreover, there was all the endless business of re- 
search and invention to meet the incessantly changing 
conditions forced on the Institute by the exigencies of 
war. For example, an immense amount of work was 
done on poison gases. 
Indeed, the whole strength of the Institute was put 
forth unsparingly, not only for the Army but also for the 
civilian population. Dr. Calmette does well to praise 
the branch Institute in Lille. ‘Though it was paralysed, 
we may even say martyrised, by the German occupa- 
tion so early as the first part of October 1914, it took 
its share in the common work. Our colleagues who 
lived there four years, immured, without any sort of 
communication with France, without a letter, without 
any journals except the political newspapers of Cologne 
or Frankfort, deprived of almost every means of work, 
NO. 2795, VOL. 11] 

with much of their material destroyed or stolen, did 
all that was possible with their authority and zeal 
to protect the civil population against the moral and 
material miseries of all sorts from which they suffered.” 
Of course, other countries were not less busy than 
France. They were all working on Pasteur’s lines. 
It was he, and he alone, who inspired them. To him 
the Franco-German War of 1870 had brought misery ; 
he took it as his revenge to set France, by his work, 
high above Germany. There are not many of us now 
living who can boast that we met Pasteur here in 
England, and shook hands with him, and heard him 
talk of his work. One of us had this good fortune ; 
and remembers well the grave and unhappy look of his 
face, and the measured and serious tone of his voice. 
It was given more to his family and his friends to know 
something of the wonderful beauty of his life. The 
pity is that we in England have no memorial of him ; 
nothing to express to France our gratitude for what he 
did for us. 
Hormones. 
Glands in Health and Disease. By Dr. Benjamin 
Harrow. Pp. xvi+218. (London: George Rout- 
ledge and Sons, Ltd., 1922.) 8s. 6d. net. 
HERE is probably no chapter in physiology which 
calls forth to such an extent our sense of the 
marvellous as that dealing with the internal secretions 
and the functions of the ductless glands. All the 
effects which have been ascribed in the imagination of 
mankind to the action of beneficent or maleficent 
fairies or deities are brought here within the domain of 
sober physiology as possible results of deficiency or 
excess of one or other of the internal secretions. The 
production of dwarfs and giants, change of personality, 
mania, dementia, and idiocy, the manifestations of 
love, hate, rage, and fear, the characteristics which 
distinguish male from female, the powers of repro- 
duction and all associated therewith, the normal 
performance of the processes of digestion and meta- 
bolism, have all been shown to be bound up with the 
power of certain cells in the body to manufacture 
chemical substances which they pass into the blood- 
stream. It seems quite natural that the respiratory 
centre should be stimulated to greater activity by the 
increased “production of carbonic acid which accom- 
panies muscular exercise, so providing the working 
muscles with a sufficiency of oxygen for their needs. A 
further development of this correlation by chemical 
messengers is found in the alimentary canal, where the 
presence of the products of digestion in the stomach 
excites, by means of a hormone, the further secretion of 
gastric juice. In the same way the entry of the acid pro- 
