760 
also given of the effect of low temperature on the 
properties of steel. Other interesting research exhibits 
included furnaces and methods of testing refractories ; 
also apparatus for testing the electrical and magnetic 
properties of steel and its micrographic structure. 
A visit was paid to the firm’s experimental proof 
butt in which are developed the large calibre pro- 
jectiles for which Messrs. Hadfields are notable. 
Exhibits of historical interest included old metal- 
lurgical books from the valuable collection of Sir 
Robert Hadfield, and a number of ancient iron 
specimens from Egypt, India, etc. The Prince was 
also shown the original small transformer made in 
1903 of the low hysteresis steel invented by Sir 
Robert Hadfield, which material, on the authority 
of Dr. T. D. Yensen, has since saved the world a 
sum equal to the cost of the Panama Canal. 
Technology and Schools. 
HE Association of Teachers in Technical 
Institutions held its annual conference on 
May 21 at Leicester. The new president, Mr. W. R. 
Bower, of Huddersfield Technical College, delivered 
an address on the position of technical education, 
in the course of which, after quoting with approval 
the views on this subject expressed in the Board of 
Education’s Draft Regulations of 1917 for Continua- 
tion, Technical, and Art Courses, he described the aim 
of technical teachers as “‘ to blend education with the 
life and work of the people.’’ The special character- 
istic of their method is to bring education by means 
of part-time courses, not only to the homes of the 
people, but also into their workshops and _ offices. 
Comparing their work with university work, he said, 
“Our principal function is to develop character and 
mentality by means of higher education amongst 
the many: the university should be more concerned 
with the individual and his fitness to become a 
specialist of the first order; their successes so far 
have been in letters, mathematics, and science 
rather than in technology, even if physicians and 
lawyers are included amongst the technologists.’ 
The principal problem of technical education is 
“ the satisfaction of the ambition of the young adult 
as a scholar, a craftsman, and a citizen.’’ 
Among other matters touched on in the address 
were: the increase since 1859 of the number of 
students in technical institutions from 500 to nearly 
a million; and science courses in secondary schools. 
“ Dabbling in technology ”’ is strongly condemned, 
as is the planning of school science courses for 
direct connexion with possible university courses or 
advanced professional study. On the other hand, 
close correlation with the work of the local technical 
college is commended. Mr. Bower also referred to 
the imminent prospect of publication by the Burnham 
Committee of a list of technical qualifications -of 
teachers to be deemed equal to degrees—a prospect 
regarded with mingled feelings by the teachers, who 
foresee excessive stress being laid on paper qualifica- 
tions. It was stated that the source of supply of 
prospective technological teachers is to be found 
only in industrial districts. The admission of 
advanced technical students to share in post-graduate 
and research work in universities, even when they 
do not hold the ordinarily pre-requisite degrees, 
was mentioned, and it was maintained that this 
concession would be of considerable benefit to the 
universities. 
A resolution was passed by the Conference pressing 
for a committee of inquiry with the view of correlating 
technical education with education generally. 
NO. 2976, VOL. 111] 

NATURE 
[JUNE 2, 1923 
University and Educational. Intelligence. 
ABERDEEN.—Prof. Matthew Hay has resigned the 
position of Medical Officer of Health to the City 
of Aberdeen, which he has held for thirty-five 
years. 

7 
CAMBRIDGE.—Mr. S. M. Wadham, Christ’s College, 
has been reappointed as senior demonstrator in 
botany. It is proposed to confer an honorary M.A. 
degree on Mr. H. F. Bird. 
' 
Lonpon.—A course of four free public lectures on 
“Tropical Hygiene”’ will be delivered by Dr. A. 
Balfour, of the Wellcome Bureau of Scientific Reséarch, 
at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital Medical College on 
| June 12, 14, 19, and 21, at 5 o’clock. 
Notice is given that the election of a Sharpey 
physiological scholar will shortly take place. The 
scholarship, which is of the value of 200/., is for 
one year, but renewable, tenable in the department 
of physiology at University College. Applications, 
with particulars of academic training and list of 
publications, if any, must be sent by, at latest, June 
23, to the Secretary of University College, Gower 
Street,.W.C.1. 
approved of the institution of a special diploma in 
bacteriology. This is the first diploma in this subject 
instituted in this country, and the courses of instruc- 
tion which candidates will be required to attend 
before presenting themselves for examination are 
designed to supply a thorough training in the general 
principles of the subject, together with advanced 
courses in one or more special branches. Graduates 
in medicine and in science of any approved university 
may enter for the course, and the syllabus has been 
designed to meet the requirements of medical gradu- 
ates who wish to qualify for bacteriological posts or 
and of graduates in science who desire to take up 
some branch of bacteriological work. The diploma 
will be awarded to candidates who, after graduation 
in science or in medicine, have attended the prescribed 
courses over at least one academic year, satisfied the 
examiners in the written and practical examinations, 
and presented a satisfactory thesis on an approved 
subject. It is hoped that the action of the University 
in instituting this new diploma will meet the needs 
of a considerable number of post-graduate students 
for whom no adequate provision has hitherto been 
made, and will help to supply efficiently trained 
bacteriologists for the numerous posts for which they 
are now required. 

A NUMBER of research studentships are being 
offered to university graduates by the Empire Cotton 
Growing Corporation, and will be awarded in July 
next. The studentships, which are each of the annual 
value of 250/. plus certain extra allowances, are 
intended to provide opportunities for additional 
training in scientific research bearing on plant genetics 
and physiology, entomology, .physics, etc., or for the 
study of those branches of tropical agriculture which 
may be of service in agricultural administration or 
in inspection in cotton-growing countries, A student- 
of physics, engineering, 

period of their studentship at the West Indian 
| Agricultural College, Trinidad, or in some other 
MANCHESTER.—The Court of the University has — 
to obtain a special knowledge of medical bacteriology, 
ship is offered by the British Cotton Industry Research — 
Association to candidates having special knowledge _ 
or technical technology. — 
Accepted students must be prepared to spend the 

| 
