— JUNE 30, 1923] 
NATURE 
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Medical College. 
and lecturer in anatomy at the medical schools in 
London and Manchester, and since 1919 he has been 
Cana of anatomy in the University of Adelaide. 
€ is the author of ‘“ Arboreal Man,’”’ ‘‘ The Principles 
of Anatomy as seen in the Hand,’’ and numerous | 
other publications. 
Mr. E. C. Williams, to the Ramsay Memorial chair 
of chemical engineering tenable at University College. 
Mr. Williams was awarded the Dalton chemical 
Scholarship for research at Manchester, and he has 
since been on the scientific staff of the British Dyes, 
Ltd., and head of the department for the manu- 
facture of intermediate products under the British 
Dyestuffs Corporation. Since 1921 he has been 
Tesearch chemist to the joint research committee of 
the University of Leeds and the National Benzol 
Association. 
Dr. R. J. S. McDowall, to the University chair of 
physiology tenable at King’s College. Dr. McDowall 
was lecturer in physiology at Edinburgh, and, since 
1921, lecturer in experimental physiology and experi- 
mental pharmacology at Leeds. He is the author 
of publications on mammalian muscle, pulmonary 
oe and numerous other physiological sub- 
jects. 
Mr. G. Stead, to the University readership in 
physics tenable at Guy’s Hospital Medical School. 
Mr. Stead has been, since 1910, assistant demon- 
strator in the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, and | 
is the author of numerous publications embodying 
the results of research on the passage of electricity 
through gases. 
The following doctorates were conferred: D.Sc. 
(Engineering) : Mr. J. V. Howard (University College), 
for a thesis entitled ‘‘ The Tension Test in relation 
to the Composition of Steel’; and Mr. S. L, Smith 
(Imperial College—City and Guilds College), for a 
thesis entitled “‘ Mechanical Hysteresis and Tensile 
Deformation of Steel.” 
MANCHESTER.—The Sir Clement Royds memorial 
scholarship in chemistry of the value of 300/. is being 
offered to candidates born or resident in the county 
of Lancaster, preference being given to the county 
borough of Rochdale. Further particulars are obtain- 
able from the Internal Registrar, to whom applications 
must be sent by, at latest, July 14. 
Dr. H. S. Raper has been appointed Brackenbury 
rofessor of physiology and director of the Physio- 
ogical Laboratories. Dr. Raper, who is at present 
epee of physiology and biochemistry in the 
niversity of Leeds, was engaged in research work 
during the War on protection against poison gas, and 
from 1918 was head of the Anti-Gas Department. 
He is at present retained by the War Office in an 
advisory capacity on physiological questions arising 
in connexion with chemical warfare. 
The following additional appointments have also 
been made: Dr. T. M. Bride to be chemical lecturer 
in ophthalmology; Miss Irene J. Curnow to be 
assistant lecturer in geography ; Mr. David Stewart 
to be assistant lecturer in anatomy; Mr, E. V. 
Ashcroft and Miss Eugenia R. A. Cooper to be 
demonstrators in anatomy; and Mr. W. H. Wood 
to be tutor and secretary to the Faculty of Medicine. 

THE examination for the Aitchison memorial 
scholarship, value 36/., covering the full-time day 
courses in technical optics at the Northampton 
Polytechnic Institute, extending over two years, 
will be held on September 25-26 next. It is 
open to candidates of both sexes. Full particulars 
can be obtained from the Hon. Secretary and 
NO, 2800, VOL. 111] 
Prof. Jones has been demonstrator i 
|} der Koninklyke 
ditions at Oxford and Cambridge. 
‘for financial aid for each University ; 

students proceed to college. 
Treasurer, Mr. H. F. Purser, 35 Charles Street, 
Hatton Garden, E.C.1. 
Apprications for grants for 1924 from the Van 't 
Hoff Fund, which are made to investigators in the 
fields of pure and applied chemistry, must be sent 
before November 1 by registered post to : Het Bestuur 
Akademie van Wetenschappen ; 
bestemd voor de Commissie van het ‘‘ Van ’t Hoff- 
fonds,” Trippenhuis, Kloveniersburgwal, te Amster- 
dam. A detailed account of the proposed use of the 
grant, and of the reasons on which the candidate 
bases his claim, should accompany the application. 
en amount available for 1924 is about 1400 Dutch 
orins. 
THE Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851 
announce that Senior Studentships for 1923 have 
been awarded to the following: Dr. W. Davies, 
demonstrator and lecturer in chemistry at the Uni- 
versity of Oxford ; Dr. L. C. Jackson, science research 
scholar in physics of the Royal Commission of 1851, 
at the University of Leyden; Mr. J. H. Quastel, 
research student in bio-chemistry at the University 
- of Cambridge ; Mr. D. Stockdale, research student in 
metallurgy in the Goldsmiths’ laboratory at the 
University of Cambridge, and demonstrator in the 
University Chemical Laboratory; and Mr. H. 
Williams, research student in geology at the Uni- 
versity of Liverpool. 
On June 22, the Universities of Oxford and Cam- 
bridge Bill was before the House of Commons, and 
the second reading was agreed to without a division. 
It will be remembered that the Bill is a result of the 
report of the Royal Commission appointed in Nov- 
ember 1919 to investigate financial and other con- 
Under its pro- 
visions, two bodies of commissioners will be appointed, 
» of which Lord Chelmsford and Lord Ullswater are to 
be the respective chairmen, to direct affairs in the 
Universities for five years. There is also provision 
the Royal 
Commission suggested an annual grant of at least 
70,000/. in addition to the 30,000/, already received 
annually by Oxford and Cambridge. 
THE excessive prolongation of merely preparatory 
_ general education is trenchantly criticised in the annual 
» report for 1922 of the Carnegie Foundation for the 
Advancement of Teaching. It is pointed out that 
the ‘“‘ High School ’’ was intended originally to form 
for the common people of the country a college in 
which their sons and daughters might be prepared for 
various practical callings just as the college proper 
prepared its students for the learned professions. 
The high school and college offered in fact parallel 
modes of education. The high school gradually 
came under the complete domination of the academic 
colleges and universities until the former became, 
what it is in large measure to-day, a vestibule to the 
college, even though but a small number of its 
There has resulted an 
“ Educational pyramid’ comprising 8 years in the 
elementary school (from age 6 to age 14), 4 years in 
the high school, and 4 years in college—in all 16 
years of preparatory training in schools the primary 
purpose of which is assumed to be cultural. “ The 
like of this is not to be seen in any other part of the 
world. . . . Without question 4 years can be dropped 
‘ out of the programme with advantage to the cause of 
education and to the interest of the people and of 
their children. But this change also is clearly related 
to that conception of education which assumes that 
the beginning of education lies in the sincere learning 
of a few things rather than in the superficial acquaint- 
ance with many.” 
