144 



NA TURE 



[December 12, 1901 



As the series descends through such species as E. botryoides, 

 E. saligiia, &c., we reach those Eucalyptsof which the principal 

 oil constituents are pinene and eucalyptol, the latter constituent 

 increasing in amount until such excellent eucalyptol oils as those 

 of E. glohiiliiSy E. Smilhii, E. loiigifolia, kc, are reached. 

 The venation of the leaves of these species is similar, is more 

 open, the individual lateral veins having become more distinct, 

 and with the bending of the marginal vein, commencing to form 

 the looping so characteristic of the phellandrene-peppermint 

 group, the species of which include those of E. dives, E. 

 radiata, E. ainygdalina, K. Sit-heriaiia, &c. The principal 

 constituent in these oils is phullandrene, and at the extreme 

 end this constituent is present in such abundance as to exclude, 

 almost entirely, the eucalyptol. The pinene which was such a 

 prominent constituent in the oils of the earlier members of the 

 series is only present in the oils of this group in minute quantities. 

 The looping appearance of the venation of the members of the 

 phellandrene-peppermint group has become more open, and 

 the spaces between the principal lateral veins are larger. With 

 the subordination of many of the original lateral veins the spaces 

 provided for the formation of the oil glands is larger, and con- 

 sequently we find these more numerous in the members of this 

 group ; the yield of oil obtainable is therefore much greater, and 

 it is this feature which enables such enormous yields of oil to 

 be obtained from such species as E. amygdalina, E. dives and 

 E, radiatn. 



DIARY OK SOCIETIES. 



THURSDAY, December 12. 



ROVAL Society, at 4.^0,— On the Action of the Spurge (Euphorbia 

 hibema, 'L.')oi^Ss.\mono\A Fishes: Dr. H. M. Kyle.— Contributions to 

 the Chemistry of Chlorophyll. No, VIII. Changes undergone by 

 Chlorophyll in passing through the Bodies of Animals : Dr. E. Schunck, 

 F.R.S.-The Result of Chilling Copper-Tin Alloys. Second Communi- 

 cation. C. T. Heycock, F.R.S,, and F. H. Neville, F.R.S.-The 

 Effective Temper.ature of the Sun : \V. E. Wilson, F.R.S. 



Mathematfcal Society, at 5.30.— Fle.\ure of a Circular Plate: J._H. 

 Michell.— Non-uniform Convergence, and the Integration of Series : 

 Dr. Hobson, F.R.S. 



Institution of Klectrical Engineers, at 8. — The Physical Properties 

 of certain Aluminium Alloys and some Notes on Aluminium Conductors: 

 Prof. E. Wilson (conclusion of discussion). — Some Principles underlying 

 the Profitable Sale of Electricity : Arthur Wrighl 



Chemical So 



-Extraordinary General Meeting. 

 FRIDAY Decemi 



s and Circular Magnetic 

 Equivalent Radius of a 

 used in playing Brass 



ew Hygrometric Method : 



ved Motion and Dura- 

 '. Denning.— Observa- 

 Paucity of the Leonid 



Physical Society, at 5. — On C 



Shells equivalent to Circular Coils, and on the 

 Coil: Prof. Thomas R. Lyle.— Air Pressures 

 Instruments : Dr. Barton and S. C. Laws.— .\ Ni 

 E. B. H. Wade. 



Royal Astronomical Society, at 5.— The Ob: 

 tion of the Radiant Point of the Leonids : W. 

 tions of Nova Persei : J. E. Gore.— Apparen 

 Stream : Rev. S. I. Johnson.— Contribution to the History of the ReHi 



Zenith Tube : S. C. Chandler. Probable Paters : On the Accuracy of 



Measures on Photographs : Remarks on Recent Papers by M. Lcewy 

 and Mr. H. C. Plummer: A. R. Hinks.- Description of Adams's MSS. 

 on the Perturbations of Uranus : R. A. Sampson. 



Malacological Society, at 8.— On the Anatomy and Relationships of 

 Vohtta musica, Linn. ; with Notes upon other supposed Members of the 

 Volutiiiae : S. Pace.— Descriptions of a New East African Kniiea and a 

 N.W. Australian Thersiles (Rhagado): H. Fulton.— £«/o/<i blakeana, 

 Newc, and E. luna. Pits. : G. K. Gude.— Note on the Pairing of Pyra- 

 inidnta rotiindata withF/Vrra litcida : Mons. Caziot. 



Epiuemiological Society, at 8.30. — Dysentery in Asylums: Dr. Mott, 



SATURDAY, December 14. 



Essex Field CLUB(at Essex Museum of Natural History, Stratford), at 

 6.30.— Contributions to the Pleistocene Geology of the Thames Valley. 

 I. The Grays Thurrock Area, Part II.: AC. Hinton and A. S. Ken- 

 nard. — The Water-Mites (Hydr.ichnidte) o^ Epping Forest : C. D. Soar — 

 Mangantferous Nodules in the Roulder-clay Soils of Essex : Miss Thresh. 

 MOXDAY, December r6. 



Society of Arts, at 8. — The Chemistry of Confectioners' Materials and 

 Processes : William Jago. 



Imperial Institute, at 8.30. — The Economic Resources of the Straits 

 Settlements and the Malay Peninsula : H. N. Ridley. 

 TUESDAY. December 17. 



2ooLOGICALSociETY,at8.io. — On the Structure of the Larval Polyptents: 

 J. S. Budgett.— On the Spawn an<l Young of a Polycha:te Worm of the 

 Genus Marfihysa : L. A. Borradaile. — tDn the .Anatomy of tjruiform 

 Birds, with Special Reference to the Correlation of Modifications : Di. P. 

 Chalmers Mitchell. 



Institution of Civil Engineers, at 8.— Motive Power from Blast- 

 furnace Gases : Bryan Donkin. 



Royal Statistical Society, at 5.— The Suspension of the Berlin Pro- 

 duce Exchange, and ils EfTccl on Corn Prices : R. H. Hooker. 

 WEDNESDA Y, December j8 



Society of Arts, at 8. — Range Finders : Prof. George Forbes, F.R.S. 



Geological Society, at 8.— Coal- and Petroleum- Deposits in European 

 Turkey : Lieul. -Colonel Thom.-»s English.-(i) On the Geological and 

 Physical Pcvclopment of Dominica, wiih Noieson Martinique, St. Lucia, 

 St. Vinceni and the Grenadines ; (2) On the Geological .ind Physical 

 Development of Barb.ados, with Notes on Trinidad : Prof J. W. Spencer. 



at 7.30. — Further Obseivalicns and 

 Conclusions in relation to Atmospheric Tr; ** " - — .. 



Russell.— Remarkable Phosphorescent Phe 



Meteorol 



F. A. Rollo 

 1 observed in the 

 On the Mechanical 

 Principle of Atmospheric Circulation : Captain R. A. Kdwin, R.N. 

 Royal Microscopical Society, at 8.— Development and Structure of 

 Eyes, illustrated by Micro-slides : F. W. Watson Baker. 

 THURSDAY. Hecember iq. 

 Linnean Society, at 8.— On the Brain of Recent and Fossil Lemurs : Dr. 

 G. Elliot Smith.— On the Ostracoda collected round the Funafuti : F. 

 Chapman. — Exhibition.s : A Gigantic Argulus from J.Tpan and a Speci- 

 men dredged at the Cape : Prof. G. B. Howes, F. R.S.— A New Poly/oon 

 from Tanganyika : J. E. S. Moore.— An Example of White's Thrush 

 (Turdiis varius), shot near Clavering, Essex : Miller Christy. 

 Chemical Society, at 8.— (i) Corydaline. Part Vll. The Constitution 

 of Corydaline ; (2) The Relation of Corydaline to Berberine. The Oxida- 

 tion of Berberine with Nitric Acid : J. J. Dobbie and A. Lauder.- The 

 Magnetic Rotation of some Polyhydric Alcohols, Hexoses, and Disac- 

 charoses : W. H. Perkin. F.R.S.— Stereoisomeric Halogen Derivatives 

 of a-benzoylcamphor : H. O. Forster and F. M. G. .Micklethwait.— Is 

 Argon an Elementary Substance? G. Martin. 

 Institution of Electrical Engineers, at 8. 



I- RID A Y. December so. 

 Institution of Civil Engineers, at 8..*-Transmission Dynamometers: 



A. M. Morgan. 

 Institution of Mechanical Engineers, at 8.— The Microscopical 

 of the .Alloys of Copper and Tin : W. Campbell. 



CONTENTS. PAGE 



The Bacterial Purification of Sewage. By Dr. 



Frank Clowes 121 



Fifty Years of Biological Study in Austria. By M. H. 122 



Geographical Discovery 124 



Our Book Shelf:— 



Zschokke : " Die Tierwelt der Schweiz in ihren 



Beziehungen zur Eiszeit " 124 



Dobbs : " A Treatise on Elementary Statics for the 



Use of Schools and Colleges" 125 



Owen and Boulger: " The Country Month by Month" 125 

 Kearton : "Strange Adventures in Dicky-Bird Land" ; 

 Dabbs : " ' Ugly,' a Hospital Dog. With Recita- 

 tions and Readings " ; Cuming : " Wonders in 

 Monsterland " ; Park : " The Child's Pictorial 



Natural History " 126 



(^uilter : " What's What. A Guide for to-day to Life 



as it is and Things as they are " 126 



Wishart : " The Self- Educator in Botany " 126 



Correns : ■' Bastarde zwischen Maisrassen mit be- 



sondere Beriicksichtigung der Xenien " 126 



Buchanan: "A Country Reader for Use in Village 



Schools" 126 



Letters to the Editor : — 



Histrionic Capacity of Grey Parrots. — D. R. Fearon, 



C.B 127 



Use of the Arms in Locomotion.— Captain Giles A. 



Daubeny 127 



The Value of the Horns in Bighorn Wild Sheep as 



Ear-trumpets. — George Wherry 127 



The Influence of Temperature on the Action of Nitric 



Acid on Metals.— Dr. Alfred J. Ewarl 128 



Meteorological Work for Science Schools. — J. V. H. 



Coates; W. N. Shaw, F.R.S 128 



The Date of Stonehenge.— C. T. Whitmell ... 128 

 Change of Pitch in certain Sounds with Distance.^ 



Frederick M. West 129 



Pine Grosbeak in Berkshire.— C. M. Rogers ... 129 

 The "Armorl" Electro-Capillary Relay. {/llus- 



traled.) 129 



The Oasis of Kharga 130 



Sir William MacCormac, Bart., K.C.B., K.C.V.O. 131 



Thomas Meehan. By S. A. Skan 132 



The Photographs of Nova Persei. (Illustrated.) 



By Sir Norman Lockyer, K.C.B., F.R.S 133 



Notes 134 



Our Astronomical Column : — 



New Variable Stars 137 



Bright Meteor of December 4 137 



" Companion to the Observatory," 1902 ....... 137 



The Variations in the Mammalian Eye 137 



The Coal-Tar Colour Industry in Germany and 



England 138 



University and Educational Intelligence 139 



Scientific Serial 140 



Societies and Academies 140 



I Diary of Societies 144 



NO. 1676, VOL. 65] 



