186 MR. F. J. BELL ON MOSCHTJS MOSCHIFERUS, [Feb. 1, 



manque rarement chez les Mammif^res ; mais en general, au lieu de 

 contribuer a la formation du tendon d'Achille, il se terminerait par 

 un tendon propre, qui chez les Ruminants, le Cochon, et le Chien, se 

 diviserait pour se rendre aux orteils, de sorte que ce muscle jouerait 

 le role d'un court flechisseur des orteils, outre celui qui lui est ordi- 

 naire. 



" Dans V Ilynemosclms, cependant, pas plus que dans le Cervus 7nex- 

 icanus, une pareille duplicite de fonction ne saurait etre attribuee au 

 soleaire, car le flechisseur des orteils qui glisse sur la face posterieure 

 du calcaneum, comme sur une poulie de renvoi, en est bien distinct. 

 Cuvier n'indique, d'ailleurs, nuUement ce modede terminaison du so- 

 leaire se prolongeant jusqu'aux orteils pour en former le flechisseur 

 superficiel." 



It may, then, I think, be fairly concluded that the tendon which 

 is perforated in the hind limb of Ungulates, is that which arises from ■ 

 the plantaris ; and this is the view taken by Prof. Huxley * and by 

 Mr. Mivartf. 



A. Muscles inserted into the tarsus, 

 o. Anterior face. None. 

 /3. Posterior face. 



(1) Gastrocnemius. 



(2) Soleus. 



These two muscles ordinarily unite their tendons before being in- 

 serted into the calcaneum, and therefore have been described, chiefly 

 by French anatomists, as in the above quotation from the French 

 edition of Meckel, as one muscle, under the name of the triceps of 

 the leg; for the gastrocnemius has two heads. But in Moschus, as in 

 Tragulus, the tendons of the two muscles are easily separable for their 

 whole extent, but a muscular branch unites their fleshy bodies. 



The soleus is present in Hyomoschus, but absent in the Pig. 



B. Muscles inserted into the metatarsus. 

 a. Anterior face. 



0) Extensor metatarsi internus. 



(2) „ „ anterior sive medius. 



(3) . „ „ externus. 



The median and internal flexors pass, with the common extensor 

 of the digits and the extensor of the fourth digit, through a highly 

 fibrous tarsal ring. The flexor internus is larger at its origin than in 

 the Sheep ; but in both animals, as also in C. virginianus, it arises 

 both from the head of the tibia and from the strong ridge on the 

 anterior face of the same bone. Chatin makes the vague observation 

 concerning this muscle, that it is " assez dissemblable chez le Cervus 

 mexicanus compare a VNgcetnoschvs." I observed no variation in 

 its arrangement in Moschus from that which obtains in C. virginianus ; 

 and the only point in which it differs from the arrangement in the 

 * Anat. of Vertebrata, p. 56. t Elementarv Anatomy, p. 354. 



