194 MR. A. H. GARROD ON THE [Feb. I, 



remiges at tlie elbow. Its remarkably long and slender tendon, 

 which frequently traverses a fibrous pulley on the axillary margin of 

 the teres muscle, runs up the arm side by side with the axillary 

 vessels and nerves to be inserted in the thorax, into the middle of a 

 tendon which runs from the inner side of the middle of the scapular 

 element of the scapulo-coracoid articulation to near the middle of 

 the thoracic border of the sterno-coracoid articulation, at right angles 

 to it when the fore limb is extended. This arrangement being found 

 very well differentiated in the Storks, may, for the sake of con- 

 venience, be termed Ciconine. In Chauna it is exactly the same, as 

 may be seen from the accompanying drawing (Plate XIV. fig. 1, e.s). 



In the majority of the Gallinaceous birds the expansor secundari- 

 orum, with the normal origin from the secondary quills, has a dif- 

 ferent method of insertion, which has led M. A. Milne-Edwards to 

 describe the muscle in the common Fowl as a part of the coraco- 

 brachialis (brevis) in his superb work on fossil birds. 



In the genera Tetrao, Francolinus, Rollulus, Phasianus, Eiiploca- 

 mus, Gallus, Ceriornis, a\\A.Pavo, the muscle instead of being inserted 

 into the scapulo-sternal fibrous band above referred to, after blending 

 to a certain extent with the axillary margin of the teres, ceases by 

 becoming fixed to a fibrous intersection about one third down the 

 coraco-brachiahs brevis muscle. 



In Francolinus clappertoni from among the Francolins, Coturnix, 

 Odontophorus, Ortyx, Eupsychorfyx, and Numida, the tendon does not 

 go so far as the short coraco-brachialis, but ends either by simply 

 joining the axillary margin of the teres, or by at the same time 

 sending a tendinous slip behind it to the scapula. In Argus gigan- 

 tens the tendon, running from the elbow, turns round the axillary 

 border of the teres to end by joining a triangular muscular fascia 

 cuius, attached by its base to the upper portion of the thoracic 

 surface, which appears to be nothing but a differentiation-off of the 

 upper portion of the last-named muscle. In the Cracidcs this in- 

 sertion into the scapula is also found, but it is tendinous, like the 

 upper element of the thoracic band above described in the Storks 

 and Chauna ; and in them there is also a second tendinous slip from 

 the axillary margin of the coraco-brachialis longus (Plate XII. fig. 5) 

 (not the brevis). In the Megapodidae also the attachment to the 

 coraco-brachialis brevis is wanting, the tendon ending either by 

 blending with the teres-m&Y^m, or running on to the scapula. 



In the Ducks and Geese among the Anseres the tendons under 

 consideration, when they enter the thorax, run towards one another 

 and join, after having expanded out, in the middle line, in front of 

 the oesophagus, and behind the trachea. In the Swans this ar- 

 rangement is not found, the tendons ending in the ciconine manner, 

 or by ruuning to the upper end of the scapula ; and in this respect 

 Sarcidiornis resembles them. 



From the tabular statement now exhibited (see p. 199) the nature 

 as well as the presence or absence of this muscle can be determined 

 iu any special group of birds. The only Anomalognathous birds in 

 which I have found this muscle are the Coraciid^. 



