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summer, but beneath this the frost has been uninterrupted. 

 This catastrophe not only destroyed the Mammoth, but it also 

 overwhelmed Palaeolithic Man. Between the remains of the 

 Mammoth, the Ehinoceros, and the rough flint implements of 

 contemporary man, and the finely-cut flints of Neolithic Man 

 which are found with remains of rude pottery and the bones of 

 Bos jjrimigenms, there is a great hiatus. The Old Stone Age 

 did not gradually pass into the New Stone Age by insensible 

 degrees, but there is abundant evidence that in these latitudes 

 the earlier races of man were exterminated by a catastrophe, 

 and thousands of years afterwards Northern Europe and Siberia 

 were peopled by a new race of men who had attained a 

 considerably higher degree of civilisation when they emigrated 

 thither than were possessed by the race of men which lived 

 there ages before. 



In North America the Mammoth ranged across Alaska to the 

 Mackenzie Eiver, and its remains are found under precisely the 

 same conditions as those of the Old World, except that there 

 is a considerable difference in the animals with which it is 

 associated. 



But the evidence of a great deluge is by no means confined 

 to the northern hemisphere. The Mastodon and the Giant 

 Sloth of South America tell precisely the same story as the 

 Mammoth and Ehinoceros of Siberia. " The whole area of the 

 Pampas is one wide sepulchre for these extinct animals " 

 (Darwin, 'Voyage of the Beagle,' iii. p. 155). According to 

 d'Orbigny (quoted on p. 352), " It would seem that the cause 

 which destroyed the terrestrial animals of South America is to 

 be found in great dislocations of the ground, occasioned by the 

 upheaval of the Cordilleras ; otherwise it is difficult to under- 

 stand on the one hand the sudden and fortuitous destruction of 

 the great animals which inhabited' the American continent, and 

 on the other the vast deposit of Pampas mud." 



Unfortunately Mr. Howorth stops short at the most interesting 

 point — the bearing of all this evidence on the theory of one or 

 more glacial epochs, exactly as the first volume of a novel leaves 

 the hero at the most critical period of his history. We must 

 not, however, complain, inasmuch as we are promised a second 

 volume, in which will be discussed the purely geological side of 

 the argument. All we can do at present therefore is to 



