Geology of the Lake Superior Land District. 17 
rocks of so many epochs, from the oldest to the most recent, are 
represented. It contains an epitome of nearly the whole geology 
of the district. 
The quartz zone exhibits two distinct ridges, where it ap- 
proaches the lake, hemming in the valley of Carp river with 
rocky walls, from two to six hundred feet in height. As we trace 
it westwardly, it presents but a single ridge, and after having 
passed Teal lake, sinks down and becomes lost. Where exposed 
by the lake shore, it exhibits lines of bedding and obscure traces 
of ripple marks. These lines bear east and west, and dip 86° to 
the south, while the Potsdam sandstone abuts against the quartz, 
in a nearly horizontal position. Some of the quartz beds in this 
using the notes of Mr. Hill—presents a number of conical knobs 
rising from two to three hundred feet above the surrounding coun- 
try. In section 2, township 47, range 25, a granite boss rises above 
the quartz, over which the strataare folded likeamantle. Inthe 
northeast quarter of this section, a band of slaty limestone, soine- 
what silicious, is seen beneath the quartz, bearing northeast and 
southwest, with an inclination of 44° to the southeast. In the 
northern part of section 3, the quartz is observed, with another 
band of limestone interstratified, bearing nearly west-northwest. 
The protrusion of the granite has displaced the beds and broken 
their continuity ; one portion shifted to the south, was traced as 
far as the line between sections 9 and 10, while another portion 
shifted to the north, was traced westward into section 4. The 
northern beds were found to be associated with a layer of lime- 
stone, or compact marble, only a few feet in thickness. The 
northern ridge attains a higher elevation than the southern, the 
highest point in section 6, being five hundred and ninety-two feet 
above the lake. The quartz has been so far metamorphosed as 
to destroy the lines of bedding, but in other portions of the rauge 
for instance, near the Jackson Forge, it assumes the character of 
