178 J. W. Bailey on Deep Soundings from the Atlantic Ocean. 
chalk of England, as well as the calcareous marls of the Upper 
Missouri, and this would seem to indicate that these also were 
deep sea deposits. The cretaceous deposits of New Jersey pre- 
sent no resemblance to these soundings, and are doubtless littoral, 
as stated by Prof. H. D. Rogers (Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1853, 
p. 297).* 
11. The examination of a sounding 175 fathoms in depth, 
made in latitude 42° 53’ 30” N., longitude 50° 05’ 45” W. (near 
Bank of Newfoundland) by Lt. Berryman gave results singularly 
different from those above stated. It proved to be made up 0 
the bottom of the North Atlantic Ocean, as far as examined, from 
the depth of about 60 fathoms, to that of more than wo miles 
(2000 fathoms) is literally nothing but a mass of microscopic 
shells. 
13. The examination of a large number of specimens of 
ocean water taken at different depths by Lt. Berryman at situa- 
tions in close proximity to the places where the soundings were 
made, shows that even in the summer months when animal life 
animals present, some of which are even now alive in 
* See also this Journal, vol. xvii, p. 131. _ 
