| 
1901 | NORMAL SOLUTIONS 233 
ions from every molecule, it would have, in chemically equiva- 
lent quantities, twice the number of H ions found in HCl, and 
would have its death-limit at one half the concentration of the 
monobasic acid.” This shows clearly that this author regarded 
chemical equivalent and molecular solutions as the same. 
Kahlenberg and True (5, p. 6), say: ‘In the second column’ 
is the concentration just allowing growth, expressed in fractions 
of a gram-equivalent per liter of water.”” In the column referred 
to, the limit for H,SO, is 2,5, and for KHSO, is goa 
in equivalent solutions. Since the toxicity of potassium and of 
SO, at this concentration may be neglected (p. 6), the hydro- 
gen in the KHSO,, is as toxic as ¢wice as much hydrogen in the 
case of H,SO,, since there is in chemically equivalent quantities 
of H,SO, and KHSO, twice as much hydrogen in H,SO, as 
there is in the KHSO,. 
Another instance of the error arising from confusing the gram- 
equivalent per liter with the gram-molecule per liter is shown in 
the work of Kahlenberg and True (5, p. 109). They say, referring 
to Ostwald (16), ‘the most dilute solutions with which he worked 
contained one gram-equivalent in 1024 liters.’’ Ostwald’s tables 
in this reference are zof made on the gram-equivalent per liter 
plan, but on the gram-molecule per liter plan, and he so states 
(p. 174). ‘Die folgende Spaite enthalt unter ‘7’ den Wert der 
relativen molekularen Leitfahigkeit; der Wert von yu,,, auf 
welchen derselbe bezogen ist, findet sich in der Ueberschrift der 
Tabelle angegeben.” Also p. 171, ‘Wo p, die molekulare Leit- 
fahigkeit bei der Verdiinnung v (in Litern auf in Grammo- 
lekulargewicht), M,, den Grenzwert derselben bei unendlicher 
Verdiinnung und ¢ eine Konstante bedeutet. Driickt man die 
molekulare Leitfahigkeit in Bruchtheilen ihres Grenzwertes aus, 
setzt also m=/* .” 
i.e) 
Kahlenberg and True (5, p. 115) give in their tables 56, 57, 
58, 59, “concentration gm.-equival. per liter,” and refer to Ost- 
wald (16, p. 380). Now Ostwald’s tables (pp. 369-422) are 
made zof on the plan gram-equivalent per liter but gram-molecule 
