3 BOTANICAL GAZETTE, 
eate a former cultivation. We can even go further and say that 
if the agency of man induces numerous variations favorable to 
man’s wants in a species, then that the presence of numerous 
variations in a species, of a kind favorable to man, indicate a 
previous agency of man. Thus, the peculiar distribution of the 
Vitis Californica in rows, near Fort Whipple in Arizona, is con- 
sidered conclusive evidence that the ancient Pueblo Indians were : 
in the habit of cultivating it; evidence of a dissimilar character, | 
but very nearly as conclusive, for the ancient cultivation of the 
Vitis Labrusca is seen in the variability of this species, which 18 
strikingly in the direction of the improvement of the fruit in in- 
dividuals, as is known to the many farmers in New England who 
have transplanted improved kinds to their door-yards, and isa 
matter of common repute, as well as evidenced in the various 
named varieties, as the Concord, which have originated from its 
seed. If we plant the seed of the apple, as we note the varying 
quality of the seedlings, no two being alike, we can infer from 
this circumstance that the apple is a domesticated fruit, and of 
human origin; if we likewise plant the seeds of the American 
Crab, we can properly infer that it is a wild or natural species 
from the power its seeds . This 
method of research, 
much promise to the investigator. 
en we consider the number of species of vegetables that 
heir number of variations, 
| squash, the tomato, pep 
pers, the potato, the cassava, chocolate, ete., ete. 
e 
me remark applies to the carrot, Shoul 
xe bot therefore be slow to refer the cultivated parsnip to the 
wile parsnip of European fields, or the cultivated carrots to the 
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