BOTANICAL GAZETTE. 83 
barberry bushes” (Province Laws of Mass., 1736-61, p. 153), which provided 
for all manner of contingencies such as the removal of the bushes from public 
highways, undivided property, division lines, and lands of careless tenants or 
proprietors. Any one, after giving due notice, might extirpate any remaining 
bushes whatever, and charge the expense of the same to the owner of the land, 
and upon his refusal or neglect to pay, might collect twice the sum by process 
of law. 
THE RESULTS of the study of peach yellows during 1881 and 1882, by Prof. 
D. P. Penhallow, are given in series III. of the Houghton Farm reports. The 
attempt has been, not so much to ascertain the cause of the disease, as to es- 
tablish a satisfactory diagnosis, and to provide a remedy. In these respects, 
the research has been most painstaking and successful. The report is accom- 
panied by three colored plates, showing healthy and diseased leaves and tis- 
sues of the stem, while a fourth gives the appearance of affected trees. The re- 
sults have been verified by the observations of 1883, lately published in the 
same series of reports. 
Mr. L. H. Barney, Jr., of the Botanic Gardens, Cambridge, has just pub- 
lished a catalogue of North American Carices. This list includes 293 species 
and 84 varieties, and the latest changes in synonymy are given, as well as the 
general distribution of each species. Among the many exasperating groups of 
plants Carex holds high rank, and botanists will be very thankful for any help 
in unravelling what seems often an inextricable tangle. This catalogue is a 
step in the right direction, and Mr. Bailey has the opportunity of laying bo- 
tanists under great obligation by his studies in Carex. Copies of the catalogue 
can be obtained from the author at five cents a copy, or fifty cents a dozen. 
NINE specres of barberry are now known to harbor the wecidium of Puc- 
cinia graminis. Two of these are sometimes referred to the genus Mahonia, one 
of which, Berberis (Mahonia) aquifolium, has through the observations of Mr. 
C. B. Plowright been but recently connected with wheat rust. Of this list B. 
Canadensis is a native of our Southern States, B. aquifolium is native of Oregon, 
and the common barberry is widely although sparsely grown throughout our 
territory. We have besides two native western species and an ornamental species 
from Japan. The wheat rust does not seem to be lacking for an opportunity to 
occasionally reinvigorate itself by the production of cluster-cups, yet it is the 
opinion of many that some still more common host will yet be detected. 
Iy Sacu’s Vorlesungen iiber Pjlanzenphysiologie he discards the four plant ele- 
ments as given in his text-book, and refers all plant organs to two categories, 
root and shoot. In a review in the last Am. Jour. Sci. Prof. Goodale thus de- 
fines the two: The former (the root) comprises that part of the plant which on 
or in a substratum serves as a hold-fast, and in the latter case acts as an organ 
for conducting into the plant nutritive matters held in the substratum. The 
shoot is that part which unfolding outside of the substratum produces plant- 
Substance and serves for propagation, bearing organs of reproduction which are 
“never seen on roots. According to this the rhizoid of a thallophyte and the 
