399 BOTANICAL GAZETTE. 
Sufficient has been written to show what manner of man Fendler was. It 
n privileged to 
kindly, simple, honest-hearted man, nor cease to regret that they can no longer 
enjoy his friendship and correspondence. 
On the Perforation of Cells and the Continuity of Protoplasm in 
Vegetables. 
[A note by M. L. Olivier, presented to the French Academy of Sciences by M. Duchartre 
(Comptes Rendus, Tome C, No. 18, May 4, 1885).] 
TRANSLATED BY ERWIN F. SMITH. 
I. Three years ago I stated* that photography applied to 
microscopy was capable of showing details of structure which 0 
not impress themselves upon the retina. In support of this as- 
sertion, I published} a description of a negative in which may 
e seen on the cell walls a system of markings and perforations 
inappreciable with the microscope. 
In seeking to perfect this new method of investigation, I have 
confirmed the existence in vegetable cellular membranes of a sy$- 
tem of canals to which I desire to invite the attention of the 
Academy. 
In examining the living tissues of plants, whatever be the 
magnifying power used, we generally perceive no communication 
of one cell with another.t The small protoplasmic ma 
which constitute the living matter of each cell have also been 
considered, up to a recent date, to be absolutely independent and 
entirely isolated from each other; each one of these little masses 
appears in fact to be completely enclosed in an alveolus.$ _ From 
this view arises the impossibility of attributing to two neighbor- 
ing protoplasmic masses any other relation than that of osmoti¢ 
exchange through the solid walls which separate them. _ Such has 
been the general conception of the vegetable organization as de- 
picted in the most recent standard works. if : 
My researches have led me to an entirely different result. +? 
promnaniaahiind gtd ty 80) ere, cae al 
é 
* Revue Seci., April 8, 1882, 3d series, vol. i . 433. 
t Ibid. p. 434, and note on p. 435, ” pata 
t Except in the case of sieve tissue of which the wholly special structure and 
in the plant are to-day well understood. lignine, 
ae The walls of this prison are composed of a ternary substance; cellulose, 
ne, ete. 
localization 
