


1901] NORTH AMERICAN TREES 15 
broadly winged above, deeply grooved, villous, tinged with red 
below the middle, frequently twisted at midsummer, thus bring- 
ing the lower surface of the leaf-blades to the light, 1% to 2 in. 
long; stipules linear-lanceolate,.entire or coarsely glandular- 
serrate, % in. long, dark green fading red. Flowers bad- 
smelling, I in. in diameter when fully expanded, in loose lax 
compound many-flowered long-branched tomentose cymes ; 
calyx tomentose, the cup broad and shallow; calyx-lobes Jinear- 
lanceolate, entire, tomentose, elongated, persistent and closely 
appressed on the fruit; stamens ten; filaments slender, elongated ; 
anthers large, pale rose-color; styles two or usually three. Fruit 
pendulous in loose clusters, oblong to oblong-obovate, full and 
rounded at the base, 34 to 1 in. long, 34 in. broad, lustrous, 
bright carmine red, punctate with few dark spots, flesh thick 
mealy sweet and yellow; nutlets three or rarely two, thick, dark- 
colored, conspicuously ridged on the back, about seven-sixteenths 
of an inch long. 
A tree occasionally 20 feet in height with a tall trunk a 
foot in diameter covered with dark brown scaly bark, or in the 
immediate vicinity of the sea often shrubby with numerous stout 
spreading stems forming a broad massive bush, and stout wide- 
spreading or ascending branches zigzag for several years, dark 
green, tomentose and marked with numerous dark red oblong 
lenticels when they appear in the spring, becoming dark orange- 
color and very lustrous in the first season and light gray during 
their second year, and armed with straight or occasionally 
curved spines, 2 to 3 inches in length, dark chestnut-brown 
and lustrous and usually pointed toward the base of the 
branch. Flowers in early June. Fruit ripens and falls early in 
October. 
Borders of streams, where it grows to its largest size, and the 
rocky banks of ocean sounds and bays. Now known only in 
southeastern Maine, where it is distributed from the valley of 
the Penobscot river to the island of Mt. Desert. Orono, M. L. 
Fernald, May 27, 1887; Somesville, Rand & Redfield, June 1889; 
Somesville, EZ. Faxon, June 1890; £.L. Rand, Birch hill, Mt. 
