148 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [MARCH 
in the shrub zone. Other shrubs are the swamp blueberry (Vac- 
cinium corymbosum), the cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), the 
dwarf birch (Betula pumila), the alder (Alnus incana), the hoary 
willow (Salix candida), and the poison sumach (Rhus venenata). 
Characteristic herbs, especially in the open places, are the pitcher 
plant (Sarracenia purpurea), the sundew (Drosera rotundifolia), 



Fic. 19.—Typical peat bog in a depression between established dunes at Miller. 
Relict of the original pond at the left. Sedges (light-colored vegetation) are encroach- 
ing on the lake, while paral, mainly Cassandra, are encroaching on the sedges. Cas- 
sandra islands toward the right. Advance of conifers on Cassandra (seen in its begin- 
nings on the islands) ae n at the extreme right. 
various orchids, as Calopogon pulchellus, Pogonia, and Cypripe- 
dium; sedges, as Eriophorum and Dulichium; Woodwardia Vir- 
ginica, and Elodes campanulata. One of the most typical plants 
of these places is the peat moss, Sphagnum. 
The flora just mentioned has many interesting features which 
are well known and may be passed over briefly. The highly 
xerophytic character of this plant society has already been 
noticed, and the reasons for it briefly given. The xerophytic 
structures are well illustrated in the leathery leaves of Cassandra 
and the absorption and storage adaptations of Sphagnum. 
