154 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [MARCH 
oak (Quercus macrocarpa, Q. bicolor, and Q. coccinea), the red 
maple (Acer rubrum), the elm (Ulmus Americana) , and the ash 
(Fraxinus Americana). Other species are Cephalanthus occidentalis, 
Salix discolor, Ribes floridum, Cardamine rhomboidea purpurea, 
Ranunculus septentrionalis. This vegetation is ultimately sup- 
planted by the mesophytic forest. A vegetation allied with that 


24.—Typical grass prairie near Pullman. This prairie has been reclaimed 
Fic 
feanniadig from Lake Calumet, and has passed through bulrush and sedge stages. 
of swamps is the amphibious ditch flora with such plants as Vas- 
turtium palustre, Penthorum sedoides, Proserpinaca palustris, Lud- 
wigia palustris, Polygonum Hydropiper, etc. 
Calumet lake and Grand Calumet river may be taken as 
types of half-drained waters. We have here conditions that are 
midway between those of peat bogs and those of ordinary rivers. 
The vegetation is subject neither to the currents of the rivers 
nor to the stagnant conditions of the peaty lakes, and hence the 
luxuriance of the flora is far greater than in either of the other 
instances. The aquatic vegetation is rich both in species and 
