322 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [MAY 
when the stools of a cleared forest are capable of producing 
sprouts. These may in time reach tree dimensions, though 
usually not before a considerable number of pines, birch, or pop- 
lars spring up between them. 
Thus it will be seen that if human agencies should cease to 

Fic. 17.—A partially destroyed hemlock-maple forest on the slope of a quartzite 
hill (Mt. Mesnard) near Marquette. The forest had attained the climax stage in the 
life-history series. 
operate, all classes of topographic forms will ultimately come to 
be clothed with the climax forest growth. There is no reason 
why even the jack pine barrens may not in time reach this 
state. It must be remembered that these are late topographic 
features, or are reduced by repeated burnings to a soil poor in 
humus. 
