406 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [JUNE 
is still an aggregate seems to me more than probable. In spite of the 
extended synonomy of this species, the various names all seem to be asso- 
ciated with the forms of the eastern or the Mississippi valley states. Some of 
the descriptions of Z. scariosa, however, probably cover or may even be 
founded upon the western or Rocky mountain form, notably that of Hooker, 
Ho ie Sele a) 6 
The species now proposed is at once distinct from the Serratuda scariosa L. 
and the Liatris scariosa Willd., and surely from the spicate forms of the 
Mississippi valley. The smooth leaves gradually diminishing upwards, the 
relatively short margined petioles also diminishing upward, the clearly 
racemiform purple inflorescence, the large heads, the appressed involucre, 
the very conspicuous style-branches, and the numerous flowers will serve to 
distinguish ZL. ZigulistyZis. 
The following collections are cited as typical: 1651, Laramie peak, 
August 8, 1895 (type); 691, by C. F. Baker, Pagosa springs, Colorado, 
August 30, 1899; 4554, by &. H. Snow, Colorado; G. £. Osterhout, Steam- 
boat springs, Colorado, August 24, 1899; less typical my numbers from 
Inyan Cara divide, August 20, 1892; and Buffalo, July 26, 1896. 
STUDIES IN ARNICAS. 
The collector and the student of the Rocky mountain Arnicas 
has in the past found many difficulties with which to contend. 
So many of the species attributed to this region were originally 
described from such widely different geographical ranges that it 
ought to have been expected that no close agreement would be 
found between our species and those of the earlier investigated 
localities. The recent activity in taxonomic botany is bring- 
ing to light many real novelties and separating many of the 
heretofore uncertain but well-known forms. It is perhaps 
inevitable that at such a time some confusion should result, 
but perhaps the sooner synonyms and homonyms are cleared 
up the better. The following have come under my obser 
vation : 
Arnica multiflora Greene, Pitt. 4:162, evidently is A. 
Columbiana Aven Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 30: 200, since both are, in 
part, founded on the same collections and the same numbers are 
cited. The latter name is the earlier by two or three months. 
Dr. Greene’s A. Columbiana (Pitt. 4:159) having thus become 
a homonym it may become Arnica Greenei, n. n. 

