tem 
12 BOTANICAL GAZETTE. [ Jan., 
Notes on Umbellifere of E. United States. I. 
JOHN M. COULTER AND J. N. ROSE. 
(WITH PLATE I.) 
Our species of Umbelliferae have always been more or less 
perplexing, chiefly on account of the attempt to discriminate 
them without mature fruit. For this reason, it has seeme 
to us a helpful thing to take up certain Umbellifere and pre- 
sent characters that can be used with reasonable certainty. 
It is well known that the best characters are obtained from 
the mature fruit, hence it is safe to give as general advice 
that no attempt be made to determine species of Umbellifere 
in its absence. Of course there are certain forms that can be 
recognized without fruit, but the rule holds good. The fruit 
should be examined both as to its surface and transverse 
section, and these taken together furnish reliable characters. 
also be developed in the intervals between the five primary 
ribs. Thin transverse sections should be made as near the 
middle of the carpel as possible, and the varying number, _ 
be found to furnish most satisfactory characters. In figure 2, 
a indicates the oil-ducts, 4 the seed section, ¢ the pericarp, @ 
indicating their position in the absence of surface appearance. 
may be called “strengthening cells” for convenience. 
ad 4 the Sorte aoe of notes all the species east of the 
‘A meridian will be illustrated, at | beet 
section of the carpel. alec 
SANICULA L.—Fruit ] i 
: globular, covered with hooked 
ae carpels without ribs, each with 5 oil-ducts (2 ven- 
al and 3 dorsal) (figs. 1, 2 and 3)-—One to three feet high, 
