VOL. XII. NO. 10.—BOTANICAL GAZETTE.—OCT., 1887. 
Development of the Umbellifer Fruit.’ 
JOHN M. COULTER AND J. N. ROSE. 
(WITH PLATE XIV.) 
In no family of plants does the fruit furnish more certain 
diagnostic characters than in the Umbellifera. So definite 
are they that the fruit alone can be made to determine the 
genus, and in most cases the species, while in every case it 
is an essential part of the description. This indicates at once 
an unusual amount of differentiation in the fruit structures, 
and a great diversity in its display. During the past year 
we have been making a critical examination of all our 
bellifers east of the rooth meridian, and this has directed 
our special attention to the minute structure of the fruit of all 
our species. This study has shown that while the grouping 
of these structures is very diverse, and hence available for 
diagnostic purposes, the structures themselves are simple 
and few in number. 
one. The surface of the carpel is usually marked by five 
tibs or wings longitudinally placed. The two nearest the 
commissure are the laterals; a single dorsal one occurs on 
‘Read at the meeting of the A. A. A. S., New York, August, 1887. 
