Coast Survey Report for 1853. 205 
of temperature across the Gulf Stream, cold water intruding and 
dividing the warm, making thus alternate streaks or streams of 
warm and cold water. In fact, the Gulf Stream is merely one 
a number of bands of warm water separated by cold water.” 
A “cold wall” limiting the Gulf Stream en the shore side, is 
northern and southern sections. “It can hardly be doubted that 
this cold water off our southern coast may be rendered practically 
usefl by the ingenuity of our countrymen. The bottom of the 
sea fonrteen miles E. N. E. from Cape Florida, 450 fathoms in 
depth was in June, 1853, at the temperature of 49° Farenheit, 
while the air was 81° Farenheit. A temperature of 38° (only 
six degrees above the freezing point of fresh water) was found at 
1050 fathoms in depth about 80 miles east of Cape Canaveral. 
The mean temperature of the air at St. Augustine is 69°-9 Faren- 
heit, and for the three 57°-5. ‘The importance of the facts above 
ated in reference to the natural history of the ocean in these 
regions, is very great, but, of course, requires to be studied in 
connection with other physical data. It has also a bearing upon 
the important problems of the tides of the coast. his explora- 
tion of the Gulf Stream will be steadily prosecuted to its close, 
the different problems being taken up in turn or in connexion as 
may be found practicable.” 
he most remarkable fact brought to light in relation to the 
Gulf Stream is probably that of the existence of two submarine 
fanges of hills near its origin, which produced most marked effects 
on the distribution of its parts. “The form of the Charleston 
