Miscellaneous Intelligence. 437 
3. The greater part of the heat is utilised, which was before carried 
off by the steam and gas and totally lost, 
4. The use of’ metallic furnaces renders it easy to multiply the heat- 
ing surfaces, and at little cost. 
5. The heating is regular, the temperature very equal, and the pro- 
ducts obtained are uniform 
6. best heating effects are secured by the arrangement for 
bringing the hot air under the grating.” 
_ The committee hence recommend an appropriation to enable the 
powder establishment of Esquerdes to make these arrangements. The 
appropriations have been authorized. We propose hereafter to speak 
of the fabrication of sugar and of distilling by this method. 
Stereoscopy.—The invention of the refractive stereoscope has quite 
generally been attributed to Sir David Brewster, especially in France. 
A recent writer has corrected the error. The Abbe Moigno, in giving 
an account of a visit to England, in his Journal, Le Cosmos, observes 
that he saw in the hands of Mr. Wheatstone a letter written by Brews- 
ter, dated September 27, 1838, containing besides other things, the sen- 
tence, ‘Ihave also stated [to Lord Rosse] that you promised to order 
for me your stereoscope, both with reflectors and prisms.” ‘The stereo- 
scope by refraction, says M. Moigno, as well as that by reflection, is 
Wheatstone’s. e refracting stereoscope invented by Sir David, is a 
form in which the two prisms are the halves of a lens. 
Photography— Painting transparent photographic images.—The col- 
oring of photographic portraits has often been attempted ; but the pho- 
tograph is obliterated in the process, and after all only an ordinary 
painting is obtained. 
. Minotto, and also MM, Soulier and Clouzard, have succeeded in 
this art, by applying the color under the image. This method of col- 
ering was used in 1824 at Strasburg, with lithographs, under the name 
of “ oleocaleographie”’ and “ lithrochromie.” But it is especially ap- 
plicable to photographs on glass, paper, tissue, and generally all trans- 
tor. His plates confirm the designs of M. Saulcy. They consist of 
200 photographs, 50 of Jewish subjects, the rest of Roman, Byzantine, 
Latin, Arabic and Turkish monuments in Jerusalem. on 
New Collodion.—In the body of asilk worm just about to make its 
cocoon is found an organ full of the material which is to become 
silk. .M. Legray has extracted from it a substance equal to albu- 
men and collodion for photographic proofs. He proceeds thus :— 
He puts in a porcelain capsule the organs in question taken from 50 
