294 SEIFRIZ: PLANTS ON MrT. GEDEH, JAVA 
on the dorsal side of the frond, are at first suspected of being 
insect galls. Another interesting species of fern is the epi- 
phytic climber, Oleandra neriiformis, whose sprawling fronds 
reach far out from the tree trunk on which they grow somewhat 
in the manner of the epiphytic Freycinetia. The slender, hairy 
Polypodium setigerum is a graceful epiphytic fern. But to give 
a representative list of the ferns to be found in a Javan mountain 
forest would be a tremendous task. 
Lycopodiums and selaginellas are likewise numerous. Lyco- 
podium Phlegmaria is an interesting epiphytic species looking, 
with its tiny lanceolate leaves, more like a phanerogamous creeper 
than a member of the Pteridophyta. 
The epiphytic growth of bryophytes is luxuriant. Every 
tree is moss-bedecked (PLATE 16, FIG. 2). The most abundant 
and typical festooning moss of the second subzone is Papillaria 
fuscescens, readily distinguished by its long, pendent streamers 
and small alternate ‘‘leaves” standing out at right angles to the 
stem. The moss Mniodendron divaricatum is a constant com- 
panion under foot from the first to the third subzone. Its little 
upright shoots, resembling miniature palms, are scattered over 
the ground and rocks along the trail until the highest altitudes are 
reached. Occurring epiphytically with the profuse growth is 
one of the many species of the liverwort Plagiochila (e.g., P. 
Belangeriana). A small terrestrial hepatic is Fimbriaria Zollin- 
geri 
Very few lichens are to be found in this moss-covered zone, 
though a few gelatinous species are present. The absence of 
lichens is probably due, in part, to the moderate amount of 
light which penetrates the interior of this subzone, and, in part, 
to lack of space upon which to grow. They are crowded out 
by the widespread mossy covering. 
As the upper limits of the second subzone are reached the 
giant specimens of Podocarpus, Engelhardtia, and Schima 
are no longer to be found. Only relatively small examples of 
these genera are now present (PLATE 16, FIG. 2). The average 
diameter of trees in the upper half of the second subzone is not 
over I2 inches as compared with diameters of 5 feet (Podocarpus) 
and 4 feet (Engelhardtia) in ‘the first half of the zone. 
__ As the border line between the second and third subzones is 
reached small bogs are not infrequent. Growing in these one 
