326 GOLDSTEIN: RESTING SPORES OF EMpusA MUSCAE 
These resting spores are in my opinion to be regarded as 
chlamydospores, formed under dry conditions after conidial 
discharge is no longer possible. They are formed most frequently 
as terminal swellings on short hyphal fragments or tubes, or 
intercalary in the hyphal filaments, or by apparent budding 
from hyphal bodies. They are generally rounded cells, with 
smooth, evenly-thickened walls, and contain many nuclei. 
I wish to gratefully acknowledge my indebtedness to Pro- 
fessor R. A. Harper for his assistance and advice in this study and 
in the preparation of this paper. 
BoTaNICAL LABORATORY, 
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
Brefeld, O. Entwicklungsgeschichte der Empusa Muscae und 
E. radicans. Bot. Zeit. 28: 161~166, 177-186. 1870. 
————. Untersuchungen iiber die Entwickelung der Empusa 
Muscae und Empusa radicans. Abhandl. Naturf. Ges. 
Halle 12: 1-so. pl. 3, 4. 1871. 
————. Ueber die Entomophthoreen und ihre Verwandten. 
Bot. Zeit. 35: 345-355, 368-372. 1877. 
————. Conidiobolus utriculosus und minor. Unters. Ge- 
sammt. Mykol. 6: 68-72. 1884. 
————. Die Kultur der Pilze. Ibid. 14: 118-125. 1884. 
Cohn, F. A. Empusa Muscae und die Krankheit der Stuben- 
fliegen. Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. Germ. Nat. 
Cur. 25: 301-360. pl. g-rr. 1855. 
Giard, A. Deux espéces d’Entomophthora nouvelles pour la 
flore frangaise et présence de la forme Tarichium sur une 
muscide. Bull. Sci. France et Belgique [Bull. Sci. Depart. 
du Nord IL. 2] 11: 353-363. 1879. 
Lakon, G. Die Insektenfeinde aus der Familie der Entomoph- 
thoreen. Zeitschr. Angewandt. Entomol. 5: 161-216. 
IgI9. 
————. Bemerkungen iiber die Uberwinterung von Empusa 
Muscae. Ibid. 5: 286-290. I919. 
Lebert, S. Ueber die Pilzkrankheit der Fliegen. Neue Denk- 
schr. Allgem. Schweiz. Ges. 15°: 1-48. pl. 1-3. 1857. 
