﻿^^90. 
  \ 
  BOTANICAL 
  GAZETTE. 
  hc 
  

  

  when 
  so 
  much 
  that 
  is 
  queer 
  finds 
  ita 
  way 
  into 
  the 
  text-books. 
  One 
  of 
  the 
  

   editors 
  gave, 
  m 
  the 
  January 
  number, 
  page 
  23, 
  a 
  notice 
  of 
  the 
  revision 
  of 
  

   Wood 
  s 
  Lessons 
  in 
  Botany, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  perfectly 
  evident 
  that 
  that 
  editor 
  had 
  

   not 
  given 
  more 
  than 
  a 
  cursory 
  glance 
  at 
  the 
  book 
  before 
  writing 
  the 
  no- 
  

   tice 
  If 
  he 
  had 
  he 
  could 
  not 
  have 
  failed 
  to 
  notice 
  some 
  things 
  that 
  I 
  

   think 
  will 
  make 
  "mighty 
  mterestin' 
  readin' 
  " 
  for 
  the 
  subscribers 
  to 
  the 
  

   trAZETTE 
  The 
  fact 
  that 
  such 
  statements 
  stand 
  in 
  a 
  book 
  that 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  

   introduction 
  of 
  many 
  young 
  students 
  to 
  the 
  science 
  of 
  botany 
  will, 
  how- 
  

   ever, 
  rather 
  sadden 
  teachers 
  to 
  whom 
  may 
  fall 
  the 
  task 
  of 
  eradicating 
  the 
  

   false 
  notions. 
  If 
  you 
  can 
  find 
  space, 
  Messrs. 
  Editors, 
  pray 
  reprint 
  a 
  few 
  

   of 
  the 
  more 
  striking 
  blunders 
  that 
  have 
  been 
  put 
  into 
  such 
  a 
  handsome 
  

   dress 
  m 
  this 
  new 
  text 
  book. 
  

  

  129 
  "The 
  stigma 
  is 
  the 
  glandular 
  orifice 
  of 
  the 
  ovary, 
  ^ 
  communicat- 
  

   mg 
  with 
  it 
  either 
  directly 
  or 
  through 
  the 
  tubiform 
  style." 
  

  

  conversion 
  

  

  starc/i 
  irUo 
  sugar- 
  a 
  process 
  always 
  depending 
  upon 
  oxidation. 
  The 
  oxygen 
  

   aDsorbed 
  unites 
  with 
  a 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  carbon 
  o 
  ,the 
  starch, 
  producing 
  heat,, 
  

   evolving 
  carbon 
  dioxide, 
  and 
  thus 
  converting 
  the 
  re^nainder 
  itUo 
  grape 
  suaar 
  

   eolubleandnutritive."— 
  Queer 
  chemistrv, 
  too. 
  ^^ 
  t^ 
  y 
  

  

  f 
  ^ 
  ""^u^'j-" 
  ^^^ 
  cause 
  of 
  the 
  downward 
  tendency 
  of 
  the 
  root 
  is 
  a 
  theme 
  

   01 
  much 
  discussion. 
  Some 
  have 
  referred 
  it 
  to 
  the 
  principle 
  of 
  gravita- 
  

   tion; 
  others 
  to 
  its 
  supposed 
  aversion 
  to 
  light. 
  But 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  simple 
  and 
  

   satisfactory 
  explanation 
  [szc] 
  that 
  its 
  growth 
  or 
  cell 
  development 
  takes 
  

   place 
  most 
  readily 
  on 
  the 
  moist 
  side 
  of 
  its 
  growing 
  points, 
  and 
  conse- 
  

   quently 
  m 
  a 
  downward 
  direction 
  [and 
  then 
  the 
  writer 
  naively 
  adds 
  a 
  

   qualification 
  which 
  upsets 
  the 
  'simple 
  and 
  satisfactory 
  explanation' 
  

   completely] 
  so 
  long 
  as 
  the 
  soil 
  in 
  contact 
  with 
  its 
  lower 
  surface 
  is 
  more 
  

   moist 
  than 
  that 
  above." 
  

  

  ^ 
  \^' 
  "u 
  "^^^ 
  ^^(^ding 
  propensity 
  of 
  the 
  root 
  is 
  to 
  divide 
  itself" 
  

   , 
  .- 
  ^^^- 
  " 
  ' 
  . 
  the 
  tine 
  rootlets, 
  or 
  fibers, 
  are 
  covered 
  by 
  dry 
  pro- 
  

   tective 
  eel 
  s, 
  forming 
  a 
  root-cap. 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  ' 
  They 
  (the 
  root-hairs) 
  aw 
  rfe- 
  

   veloped 
  and 
  perish 
  annually 
  with 
  the 
  leaves. 
  . 
  ." 
  

  

  .„;/ 
  J 
  ^r 
  \ 
  " 
  ^^^ 
  ^^^^' 
  ' 
  Ne^t 
  to 
  the 
  bast 
  is 
  the 
  green 
  cellular 
  layer, 
  

   called 
  phellogen." 
  

  

  th 
  ^u^' 
  "^^spiration. 
  . 
  . 
  So 
  with 
  plants 
  ; 
  they 
  suck 
  or 
  draw 
  in 
  air 
  

   tnrough 
  openings 
  in 
  the 
  epidermis 
  already 
  described 
  (stomata), 
  and 
  

   K 
  ^^ 
  IS 
  discharged 
  it 
  is 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  changed 
  in 
  character, 
  having 
  

  

  Deen 
  robbed 
  of 
  its 
  oxygen 
  OR 
  its 
  carbon 
  dioxide. 
  The 
  oxygen 
  of 
  the 
  air 
  

   wniie 
  among 
  the 
  tissues 
  unites 
  with 
  substances 
  found 
  there, 
  and 
  new 
  ma- 
  

  

  ^cu 
  for 
  plant 
  growth 
  is 
  thus 
  formed; 
  in 
  the 
  night 
  carbon 
  dioxide 
  is 
  

   breathed 
  out." 
  

  

  ., 
  u^' 
  "^^^ 
  the 
  elaborated 
  sap 
  passes 
  back 
  and 
  even 
  downward 
  

  

  fi^ 
  cells 
  and 
  vessels 
  that 
  are 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  employed 
  in 
  convey- 
  

   ing 
  the 
  crude 
  watery 
  fluids 
  up 
  from 
  the 
  root 
  is 
  not 
  understood. 
  We 
  

  

  fhf 
  ^°' 
  ■1*^*1^*^'^*'®^ 
  ^i*'^ 
  ^^y 
  physicial 
  or 
  chemical 
  force 
  which 
  causes 
  

   jne 
  crude 
  sap 
  to 
  creep 
  through 
  the 
  cells 
  and 
  ducts 
  of 
  the 
  trunks 
  and 
  

   orajiches 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  trees, 
  hundreds 
  of 
  feet 
  in 
  height 
  ; 
  nor 
  is 
  the 
  trans- 
  

   lusion 
  of 
  the 
  prepared 
  fluids 
  and 
  cell 
  materials 
  to 
  every 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  

   Ji^^' 
  8 
  structure 
  where 
  food 
  is 
  required 
  le 
  — 
  -• 
  ■ 
  -^ 
  - 
  - 
  

  

  ODservation 
  and 
  experiment 
  have 
  thus 
  1 
  

   mysterious 
  movements." 
  

  

  I 
  ^^' 
  " 
  Variety 
  or 
  race 
  is 
  a 
  sub-species 
  

  

  g 
  497. 
  " 
  Species 
  or 
  races." 
  

  

  In 
  fact 
  

  

  for 
  these 
  

  

  K.^^1^»o 
  anything 
  "queerer" 
  than 
  some 
  of 
  that 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  "doctor- 
  

   oooks"? 
  I 
  trow 
  not. 
  R. 
  

  

  1 
  Italics 
  mine. 
  

  

  