﻿I02 
  

  

  BOTAXICAL 
  GAZETTE. 
  [April, 
  

  

  Me. 
  W. 
  Thomson 
  has 
  described 
  a 
  bed 
  of 
  leaves 
  still 
  retaining 
  a 
  dis- 
  

   tinct 
  green 
  color, 
  found 
  at 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  twenty-one 
  feet 
  below 
  the 
  surface 
  

   when 
  digging 
  for 
  the 
  Manchester 
  ship-canal, 
  which 
  must 
  have 
  lain 
  in 
  the 
  

   same 
  position 
  certainly 
  tor 
  some 
  centuries. 
  Dr. 
  E. 
  Schunck 
  has 
  deter- 
  

   mined 
  this 
  coloring 
  matter 
  to 
  be 
  modified 
  chlorophyll 
  resulting 
  from 
  the 
  

   action 
  of 
  acids 
  on 
  true 
  chlorophyll.— 
  Jaur. 
  Roy, 
  Mic, 
  Soc, 
  

  

  One 
  of 
  the 
  specially 
  commendable 
  features 
  of 
  the 
  Revue 
  gtaeral 
  de 
  

   Botanique 
  is 
  the 
  readable 
  resumes 
  of 
  the 
  progress 
  of 
  knowledge 
  of 
  differ- 
  

   ent 
  groups 
  of 
  plants. 
  In 
  the 
  numbers 
  for 
  January 
  and 
  February 
  such 
  a 
  

   resume 
  of 
  the 
  work 
  on 
  Atgae, 
  published 
  in 
  1888 
  and 
  part 
  of 
  1889, 
  is 
  con- 
  

  

  tributed 
  by 
  M. 
  Flahault. 
  These 
  articles 
  are 
  of 
  use, 
  probably, 
  to 
  special- 
  

   ists, 
  but 
  they 
  are 
  of 
  great 
  use 
  certainly 
  to 
  those 
  w'ho 
  wish 
  to 
  keep 
  in- 
  

   formed 
  of 
  the 
  progress 
  of 
  botany 
  in 
  general. 
  

  

  Drs. 
  Frank 
  and 
  Tschirch 
  have 
  m 
  preparation 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  wall 
  charts 
  

   especially 
  for 
  the 
  illustration 
  of 
  physiological 
  lectures. 
  The 
  charts 
  are 
  of 
  

   the 
  same 
  size 
  as 
  the 
  well 
  known 
  ones 
  of 
  Kny 
  (69 
  X 
  85 
  cm.), 
  and 
  are 
  issued 
  

   by 
  the 
  same 
  firm 
  (Paul 
  Parey, 
  Berlin). 
  The 
  first 
  ten 
  have 
  been 
  issued, 
  and 
  

   the 
  explanatory 
  text 
  sent 
  out 
  with 
  them 
  indicates 
  that 
  they 
  will 
  prove 
  

   exceedingly 
  useful 
  for 
  the 
  lecture 
  room 
  and 
  laboratory. 
  The 
  low 
  price 
  

   (M. 
  30) 
  puts 
  them 
  in 
  reach 
  of 
  every 
  college 
  in 
  which 
  plant 
  physiology 
  

   receives 
  the 
  least 
  attention. 
  

  

  Dr. 
  J. 
  KuNDiG, 
  docent 
  at 
  the 
  University 
  of 
  Zurich, 
  has 
  devised 
  an 
  

   apparatus 
  for 
  illustrating 
  on 
  a 
  large 
  scale 
  the 
  growth 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  inter- 
  

   nodes 
  of 
  a 
  stem. 
  It 
  consists 
  of 
  a 
  mechanism 
  actuated 
  by 
  a 
  crank 
  handle 
  

   which 
  causes 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  telescoping 
  brass 
  tubes 
  to 
  extend 
  in 
  such 
  fashion 
  

   that 
  each 
  tube, 
  representing 
  an 
  internode, 
  moves 
  upward 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  rel- 
  

   ative 
  rate 
  that 
  internodes 
  grow. 
  As 
  an 
  optical 
  demonstration 
  of 
  the 
  

   mode 
  of 
  the 
  extension 
  of 
  stems 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  " 
  grand 
  period 
  " 
  of 
  each 
  inter- 
  

   node, 
  the 
  apparatus 
  would 
  be 
  exceedingly 
  useful 
  in 
  lectures. 
  

  

  An 
  apparatus 
  for 
  observing 
  very 
  small 
  amounts 
  of 
  transpiration 
  is 
  

   figured 
  in 
  the 
  January 
  number 
  of 
  the 
  Revue 
  general 
  de 
  Botanique, 
  It 
  was 
  

   devised 
  by 
  Mr. 
  G. 
  Curtel 
  for 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  transpiration 
  during 
  the 
  Nor- 
  

   ^T^^ 
  nights. 
  It 
  consists 
  of 
  a 
  large 
  U-tube, 
  into 
  the 
  left 
  arm 
  of 
  which 
  

   18 
  fixed 
  the 
  plant 
  under 
  observation 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  a 
  rubber 
  cork 
  and 
  soft 
  

   wax; 
  into 
  the 
  right 
  arm 
  is 
  fixed 
  a 
  graduated 
  capillary 
  tube, 
  bent 
  just 
  

   above 
  the 
  cork 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  be 
  horizontal 
  when 
  the 
  U-tube 
  is 
  upright. 
  The 
  

   whole 
  apparatus 
  is 
  filled 
  with 
  water. 
  Headings 
  are 
  taken 
  of 
  the 
  rate 
  at 
  

   which 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  water 
  column 
  travels 
  along 
  the 
  graduated 
  tube, 
  to- 
  

   gether 
  with 
  the 
  other 
  data 
  desired. 
  

  

  The 
  variation 
  in 
  the 
  behavior 
  of 
  diflferent 
  trees 
  when 
  girdled 
  is 
  

   well 
  known. 
  Dr. 
  Hartig, 
  in 
  a 
  recent 
  address 
  at 
  a 
  meeting 
  of 
  the 
  Munich 
  

   -botanical 
  Society, 
  presented 
  his 
  explanation 
  of 
  the 
  phenomena. 
  Those 
  

   trees 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  conduction 
  of 
  water 
  is 
  almost 
  wholly 
  carried 
  on 
  by 
  

   the 
  i.ap 
  wood 
  are 
  able 
  to 
  withstand 
  girdling 
  but 
  a 
  short 
  time, 
  since 
  the 
  

   progressive 
  formation 
  of 
  heart 
  wood 
  and 
  the 
  drying 
  of 
  the 
  exposed 
  wood 
  

   on 
  the 
  outside 
  soon 
  cut 
  off 
  the 
  water 
  supply 
  to 
  the 
  parts 
  above. 
  Those 
  

   trees 
  that 
  employ 
  the 
  heart 
  wood 
  in 
  the 
  conduction 
  of 
  water 
  are 
  able 
  to 
  

   live 
  for 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  years 
  after 
  girdling. 
  A 
  tree 
  growing 
  in 
  close 
  asso- 
  

   ciation 
  with 
  others 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  species 
  often 
  withstands 
  such 
  injury 
  for 
  a 
  

   much 
  longer 
  time 
  than 
  one 
  isolated 
  from 
  its 
  fellows. 
  This 
  is 
  ascribed 
  to 
  

   the 
  nourishment 
  of 
  the 
  roots 
  from 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  other 
  trees. 
  Whether 
  the 
  

   tree 
  forms 
  annually 
  new 
  absorbing 
  roots 
  or 
  is 
  able 
  to 
  absorb 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  

   the 
  older 
  roots, 
  will 
  also 
  affect 
  its 
  power 
  to 
  resist 
  death 
  from 
  girdling. 
  

  

  