﻿1890.] 
  

  

  BOTANICAL 
  GAZETTE. 
  I55 
  

  

  The 
  position 
  of 
  the 
  buds 
  on 
  the 
  stems, 
  the 
  relative 
  sizes, 
  the 
  scales, 
  the 
  

   scale 
  rings 
  of 
  previous 
  years, 
  the 
  leaf 
  scars, 
  etc., 
  are 
  made 
  out 
  by 
  the 
  pu- 
  

   pils, 
  my 
  own 
  remarks 
  during 
  this 
  work 
  being 
  only 
  suggestive 
  as 
  to 
  mode 
  

   of 
  proceeding 
  and 
  including, 
  where 
  perfectly 
  clear 
  openings 
  occur, 
  such 
  

   facts 
  of 
  physiology 
  as 
  their 
  own 
  experience 
  can 
  confirm. 
  Then 
  comes 
  

   the 
  examination 
  o'f 
  the 
  bud 
  structure. 
  To 
  study 
  this 
  I 
  make 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  

   large 
  terminal 
  buds 
  of 
  the 
  lilac. 
  One 
  of 
  these 
  is 
  drawn 
  entire. 
  Then 
  the 
  

   scales 
  are 
  removed 
  with 
  appropriate 
  instruments, 
  some 
  preferring 
  

   needles, 
  others 
  forceps. 
  The 
  scales 
  are 
  laid 
  out 
  in 
  four 
  rows 
  and 
  num- 
  

   bered, 
  (Flower 
  buds 
  are 
  discarded 
  for 
  the 
  present.) 
  These 
  rows 
  of 
  

   scales 
  and 
  evident 
  inner 
  leaves 
  illustrate 
  readily 
  the 
  relative 
  position 
  of 
  

   these 
  parts 
  and 
  the 
  imperceptible 
  transition 
  from 
  one 
  to 
  the 
  other. 
  

   What 
  are 
  the 
  inner 
  ones? 
  Plainly 
  leaves. 
  When 
  do 
  they 
  cease 
  to 
  be 
  

   leaves? 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  boundary 
  line, 
  thev 
  must 
  all 
  be 
  leaves. 
  What 
  is 
  

   left 
  of 
  the 
  bud 
  ? 
  Only 
  a 
  Uttle 
  greenish 
  pyramid. 
  What 
  is 
  it 
  ? 
  It 
  must 
  

   be 
  a 
  little 
  short 
  stem. 
  What 
  is 
  seen 
  on 
  it 
  with 
  the 
  lens? 
  The 
  places 
  

   from 
  which 
  the 
  leaves 
  were 
  taken— 
  the 
  leaf 
  scars. 
  On 
  the 
  old 
  stem 
  what 
  

   name 
  is 
  given 
  to 
  the 
  part 
  bearing 
  the 
  scars 
  or 
  leaves? 
  The 
  joints, 
  say 
  

   some. 
  Then 
  what 
  shall 
  we 
  call 
  the 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  stem 
  between 
  such 
  places? 
  

   That's 
  the 
  joint, 
  say 
  others. 
  We 
  will 
  call 
  the 
  former 
  of 
  these 
  parts, 
  

   nodes, 
  and 
  the 
  latter 
  internodea. 
  This 
  decision 
  is 
  approved 
  because 
  the 
  

   terms 
  are 
  easy 
  and 
  the 
  possible 
  confusion 
  is 
  seen 
  to 
  be 
  overcome. 
  

  

  Now, 
  to 
  each 
  pupil 
  is 
  given 
  a 
  branch 
  of 
  a 
  soft-stemmed 
  fresh 
  Eupato- 
  

   rium, 
  taken 
  from 
  the 
  green-house 
  (Coleua 
  is 
  easily 
  obtained 
  and 
  will 
  

   answer 
  the 
  purpose.) 
  The 
  opposite 
  decussate 
  leaves 
  are 
  noted. 
  With 
  a 
  

   sharp 
  knife 
  the 
  internodes 
  are 
  cut 
  away 
  and 
  the 
  nodes, 
  each 
  with 
  its 
  pair 
  

   of 
  leaves 
  attached, 
  are 
  laid 
  on 
  the 
  table. 
  The 
  bud 
  is 
  now 
  to 
  be 
  rebuilt. 
  

   One 
  of 
  the 
  dissecting 
  needles, 
  or 
  very 
  often 
  a 
  hat 
  pin, 
  is 
  used, 
  and 
  the 
  

   nodes 
  with 
  their 
  attached 
  leaves 
  are 
  spitted 
  on 
  to 
  this. 
  The 
  leaves 
  are 
  

   then 
  folded 
  up 
  carefully, 
  beginning 
  of 
  course 
  with 
  the 
  inner 
  or 
  upper- 
  

   most 
  pair; 
  a 
  light 
  thread 
  tied 
  about 
  them 
  and 
  the 
  bud 
  is 
  reconstructed. 
  

   Comparisons 
  follow 
  with 
  pleasant 
  and 
  often 
  very 
  interesting 
  comments, 
  

   and 
  a 
  general 
  feeling 
  of 
  good 
  understanding 
  prevails, 
  which 
  I 
  believe 
  

   even 
  the 
  myopic 
  and 
  mischievous 
  correspondent 
  to 
  a 
  late 
  number 
  of 
  ^t. 
  

   Nichdas 
  might 
  acknowledge 
  to 
  be 
  of 
  some 
  worth. 
  B. 
  W. 
  Barton. 
  

  

  Baltimore, 
  

  

  Pressing 
  plants. 
  

  

  The 
  old-fashioned 
  press 
  has 
  always 
  seemed 
  to 
  me 
  too 
  slow 
  in 
  action 
  

   and 
  too 
  bulky 
  to 
  give 
  the 
  best 
  results 
  'or 
  to 
  be 
  convenient. 
  The 
  "A*l^^ 
  . 
  

   19 
  nearer 
  the 
  true 
  press 
  for 
  botanical 
  work, 
  but 
  before 
  I 
  ever 
  saw 
  it 
  1 
  had 
  

   made 
  one 
  upon 
  the 
  same 
  plan, 
  and 
  have 
  had 
  most 
  excellent 
  results. 
  My 
  

   presses 
  are 
  made 
  of 
  slabs 
  of 
  hard 
  wood 
  (J 
  in. 
  thick 
  by 
  1 
  m. 
  wide) 
  tacked 
  

   together 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  leave 
  spaces 
  a 
  little 
  over 
  an 
  inch 
  square. 
  Instead 
  ot 
  

   straps 
  I 
  use 
  four 
  iron 
  clamps 
  with 
  2\ 
  in. 
  openings. 
  I 
  can 
  press 
  as 
  many 
  

   as 
  loO 
  specimens 
  of 
  medium 
  size 
  in 
  one 
  of 
  these 
  presses, 
  and 
  under 
  iavor- 
  

   able 
  conditions 
  of 
  wind 
  and 
  sun 
  have 
  the 
  greater 
  number 
  of 
  them 
  dry 
  

   and 
  ready 
  to 
  take 
  out 
  in 
  twenty-four 
  hours, 
  with 
  the 
  colors 
  remarkably 
  

   wel 
  preserved. 
  I 
  find 
  the 
  drying 
  greatly 
  hastened 
  by 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  a 
  piece 
  

   of 
  Uack 
  cardboard 
  or 
  paper 
  for 
  the 
  outside 
  sheet. 
  I 
  always 
  set 
  my 
  presses 
  

   out 
  m 
  the 
  hottest 
  sunshine 
  I 
  can 
  find, 
  and 
  turn 
  them 
  up 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  sun 
  s 
  

  

  I 
  have 
  also 
  found 
  it 
  better 
  to 
  mul- 
  

  

  rays 
  will 
  Strike 
  them 
  at 
  right 
  angles. 
  I 
  h 
  

   "pty 
  presses 
  than 
  to 
  overcrowd 
  one 
  press. 
  

   Alma 
  College, 
  Alma, 
  Mich. 
  

  

  Charles 
  A. 
  Davis. 
  

  

  